Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Academic Burnout of Gifted Students with Learning Disabilities

The efficacy of integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acupressure versus CBT for insomnia: a three-arm pilot randomized controlled trial

Panic disorder and agoraphobia is a prevalent clinical condition which places heavy demands on treatment resources in primary care. The efficient delivery of evidence‐based psychological treatment for this disorder is therefore important. Previous research has investigated both individual and group treatment formats for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for panic disorder and agoraphobia. These two modalities of treatment delivery are, however, rarely compared within the same study format. Also little is known of patients' preferences regarding treatment delivery formats. The present study investigated the relative efficacy of a group treatment CBT and an individual treatment CBT in comparison with a waiting list control group in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in primary care. Ninety‐seven patients suffering from DSM‐IV panic disorder with or without agoraphobia were randomly allocated to receive either group CBT, individual CBT, or waiting list control. All patients were seen by the same therapist and all received an identical treatment manual. Treatment response was measured by blind assessor, therapist and patient‐rated measures of anxiety, depression, and agoraphobic avoidance, and was analysed in terms of both traditional statistical significance and clinical significance of outcome. At treatment end‐point, in terms of traditional statistical significance, both the group and individual CBT were significantly superior to waiting list control but did not differ significantly from each other. When clinical significance of outcome at treatment end‐point was considered, individual CBT showed a significant advantage over both group CBT and waiting list control. At 3‐month follow‐up, however, the individual CBT treatment group showed significant superiority to the group CBT treatment on clinical significance of outcome on one outcome measure only. This was principally due to a reduction in the proportion of patients achieving criteria of clinically significant change in the individual CBT treatment group over the 3‐month follow‐up period. When given a free choice of group or individual CBT at the end of the waiting list period, the overwhelming majority (95%) of the waiting list patients chose individual CBT. The implications of these findings for future research and for wider clinical practice are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression of people with epilepsy

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant deficits in social communication and emotion regulation skills. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) applications appear promising, trials to date have largely excluded social communication skill development and have not been designed to include a wider range of emotional challenges. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to pilot a uniquely modified CBT program targeting emotion regulation, including social communication training, and explicitly focusing on the child's areas of circumscribed interest in order to teach skills and promote generalization. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the CBT group or a waitlist control (WLC) group, resulting in 20 school-aged children in each group. The treatment approach was determined to be feasible and acceptable, and therapy engagement and attendance were reasonably high. Caregivers expressed high satisfaction with the program, qualitatively citing gains in skills such as social problem-solving, emotion identification, and identifying and processing cognitive distortions. The primary outcome of postintervention changes was not significantly different between the groups (CBT vs. WLC). The mean Social Skills Improvement System score decreased by 0.44 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.04, 4.15) in the CBT group and increased by 0.41 points (95% CI: -4.23, 5.04) in the WLC group, and the postintervention changes were not significantly different between the groups (difference: -0.85; 95% CI: -7.29, 5.60; p = .79). The estimated rate of emotional dysregulation episodes decreased by a factor of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.56) in the CBT group and increased by a factor of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.51, 2.24) for WLC (p = .74). Among those who reported emotional dysregulation episodes, the mean duration decreased by 1.39 minutes (95% CI: -3.90, 6.67) less for CBT than waitlist (p = .60). Although satisfaction, acceptability, and emotional dysregulation outcome results from this preliminary CBT treatment for ASD are promising, sample size and measurement limitations will be important considerations to inform future trials.

Cognitive Predictors of Response to Treatment for Depression in Multiple Sclerosis

Antipsychotic drugs versus cognitive behavioural therapy versus a combination of both in people with psychosis: a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study.

The primary aim of this study is to compile studies on cognitive behavioral therapy method in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder and present their data. Another aim is to discuss with the reasons, cognitive behavior group therapies may be more effective on this disorder than cognitive behavioral individual therapies, since the main problem in avoidant personality disorder stems from interpersonal communication and because the cognitive behavioral therapies applied as a group were found to be quite effective when the avoidant personality disorder was first defined. The aim of this study is to present recommendations together and to compile studies in which cognitive behavioral group therapies were applied on avoidant personality disorder. In this study, studies in domestic and foreign sources, which were conducted with a sample group with avoidant personality disorder and social anxiety disorder, were examined and the study was prepared by reviewing the literature, which is one of the secondary data collection techniques. Since there are not many studies on avoidant personality disorder in the literature, considering the high similarity and comorbidity of avoidant personality disorder with social anxiety disorder, studies on cognitive behavioral group therapies related to social anxiety disorder have also been compiled. As a result of the studies examined, it has been found that the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder are related to the distorted cognition of individuals and cognitive behavioral therapies are a very effective approach because they increase the awareness of the automatic thoughts in the minds of the clients, question their correctness and provide alternative thoughts to replace them.

Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition and a risk factor for developing a major depressive episode. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy may be a promising approach for the treatment of subthreshold depression. The current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether an internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy intervention and a group cognitive behaviour therapy intervention are more effective than a waiting-list control group; and (2) to determine whether the effect of the internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy differs from the group cognitive behaviour therapy intervention. A total of 191 women and 110 men with subthreshold depression were randomized into internet-based treatment, group cognitive behaviour therapy (Lewinsohn's Coping With Depression course), or a waiting-list control condition. The main outcome measure was treatment response after 10 weeks, defined as the difference in pre- and post-treatment scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Missing data, a major limitation of this study, were imputed using the Multiple Imputation (MI) procedure Data Augmentation. In the waiting-list control group, we found a pre- to post-improvement effect size of 0.45, which was 0.65 in the group cognitive behaviour therapy condition and 1.00 within the internet-based treatment condition. Helmert contrasts showed a significant difference between the waiting-list condition and the two treatment conditions (p=0.04) and no significant difference between both treatment conditions (p=0.62). An internet-based intervention may be at least as effective as a commonly used group cognitive behaviour therapy intervention for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years of age.

Research Article| March 01 2014 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Migraine AAP Grand Rounds (2014) 31 (3): 27. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.31-3-27 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Migraine. AAP Grand Rounds March 2014; 31 (3): 27. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.31-3-27 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: amitriptyline, chronic migraine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, headache, migraine disorders Source: Powers SW, Kashikar-Zuck SM, Allen JR, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy plus amitriptyline for chronic migraine in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013; 310(24): 2622– 2630; doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.282533Google Scholar Investigators at the Headache Center at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with amitriptyline to headache education plus amitriptyline for children with chronic migraine headaches. Youth 10 to 17 years old, with at least 15 headaches per month and a Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Score (PedMIDAS) >20, were randomized to either the CBT or headache education treatment group. Participants received 1 mg/kg of amitriptyline daily, and either 10 sessions of CBT or headache education. The main outcomes were reduction in number of headaches per 28 days and change in PedMIDAS scores. Outcomes were compared between the 2 groups at 20 weeks and 12 months postintervention. A total of 135 children and adolescents (79% female) were enrolled, and 124, including 57 in the CBT group and 67 in the headache education group, completed the study. At baseline, participants had a mean of 21 ± 5 days with headache per 28 days and a mean PedMIDAS of 68 points. At the 20-week end point, days with headache were reduced by 11.5 days for the CBT group versus 6.8 days for the education group (difference, 4.7; P = .002). The PedMIDAS decreased by 52.7 points for the CBT group versus 38.6 points for the education group (P = .01). In the CBT group, 66% of participants had a 50% or greater reduction in headache days versus 36% in the education group (OR = 3.5; P = .001). At 12-month follow-up, 86% of participants in the CBT group had a 50% or greater reduction in headache days versus 69% of participants in the education group; 88% of participants in the CBT group had a PedMIDAS of <20 points versus 76% in the headache education group. The authors conclude that use of CBT plus amitriptyline provides a greater reduction in days with headache and disability compared to headache education plus amitriptyline, in children and adolescents with chronic migraine. Dr Millichap has disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device. Chronic migraine is defined as having at least 15 days of headache per month, with the majority of these characterized by moderate to severe intensity and pulsating quality, and associated with nausea, vomiting, phonophobia, and photophobia.1 No pharmacological intervention for chronic migraine in children is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is recommended for the prevention of migraine, based on open-label studies and meta-analysis.2 CBT, which includes coping skills training and biofeedback-assisted relaxation, has been shown to benefit children with chronic headache, including migraine.3 The benefits of CBT in childhood migraine may be... You do not currently have access to this content.

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in comparison with schema therapy in improving self-compassion in men and women with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study had a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a control group and a follow-up stage. The statistical population consisted of men and women with type 2 diabetes who visited the Kish Island Diabetes Association from April to September 2020. After the screening, 45 individuals were selected by the purposive method and were randomly included in three groups, namely cognitive-behavioral therapy (n=15), schema therapy (n=15), and control group (n=15) after matching. Neff's self-compassion scale (2003) was the research tool. In the study, the cognitive-behavioral therapy group was treated by the Leahy treatment package (2004), and the schema therapy group by the treatment package of Yang et al. (2006) in eight 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The research results indicated that the cognitive-behavioral therapy and schema therapy groups were effective in improving self-compassion (F=10.70, P=0.018) in men and women with type 2 diabetes. The findings also indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy and schema therapy groups were effective in improving self-compassion (F=4.54, P=0.018), self-judgment (F=6.25, P=0.005), and projective identification (F=3.45, P=0.043), and the effect was also stable at the follow-up stage. The results of the post hoc test also indicated that there was no difference between scores of cognitive-behavioral and schema therapy groups in self-compassion and self-compassion, self-judgment, and projective identification (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, self-compassion was created based on the individuals' self-beliefs and thoughts; hence, both treatments had the same effect since cognitive-behavioral therapies and schema therapy modified the individuals' beliefs and opinions in this field.

The addition of fluoxetine to cognitive behavioural therapy for youth depression (YoDA-C): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial

BackgroundWhile support from family caregivers is essential in the care of patients with heart failure (HF), caregiving places a considerable burden on family caregivers. We examined the preliminary effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for caregivers of individuals with HF.MethodsIn this pilot randomized controlled trial, patients with HF and their primary family caregivers (30 dyads) were randomized into CBT (n = 15) or general health education (GHE, n = 15) groups. Caregivers received 8 weekly individual sessions of either CBT (intervention) or GHE (attention control condition). Caregivers completed questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention, and 6 months. Saliva samples collected from caregivers at baseline and post-intervention were analyzed for salivary cortisol. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated using log-transformed cortisol values. We analyzed data from 26 (14 receiving CBT and 12 receiving GHE) caregivers who received at least one session of CBT or GHE (modified intention-to treat) using linear mixed models. Each model included time, study group, and time-by-study group interaction as fixed effects.ResultsPatients were older (66.94 ± 14.01 years) than caregivers (55.09 ± 15.24 years), and 54% of patients and 54% of caregivers were female. Most caregivers (58%) were spouses. A total of 14 (93%) CBT and 12 (80%) GHE participants received at least 1 session (p = .60), and 11 (73%) CBT and 11 (73%) GHE participants completed all 8 sessions (p = 1.00). There were no significant between-group differences in change for salivary cortisol or psychological outcomes. However, the CBT group had significant within-group improvements in perceived stress (p = .011), stress symptoms (p = .017), depression (p = .002), and anxiety (p = .006) from baseline to post-intervention, while the control group had no significant within-group change in the outcomes except for anxiety (p = .03). The significant improvements observed in the CBT group lasted for 6 months. No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsIn this pilot trial, although between-group differences in change were not significant, CBT resulted in significant improvements in some psychological outcomes with no improvement in the control group. Our findings suggest the potential of the intervention to alleviate psychological distress in HF caregivers. Further examination in larger randomized trials is warranted.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01937936 (Registered on 10/09/2013).

BACKGROUND Psychological distress is a growing public health concern in Pakistan, particularly in urban centers like Peshawar. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and pharmacological treatment in reducing depression, anxiety, and improving health status, physical activity, and sleep quality among adults. OBJECTIVE This study provides robust evidence supporting the efficacy of both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and pharmacological interventions in reducing psychological distress among adults in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Through comprehensive assessment across multiple domains including depression, anxiety, health status, physical activity, and sleep quality both interventions demonstrated statistically significant improvements. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 300 participants, evenly divided into CBT (n=150) and pharmacotherapy (n=150) groups. Participants received 12 weeks of either CBT or prescribed medications. Validated tools such as the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, SF-36, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to measure outcomes before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Paired Sample t-tests. RESULTS Both CBT and pharmacotherapy significantly reduced depression and anxiety levels in males and females (p &lt; 0.005). CBT showed slightly greater improvements, especially in anxiety reduction. Health status improved more in the CBT group for both males and females. Physical activity levels increased significantly in both groups, with slightly higher gains seen in females receiving pharmacotherapy and males in the CBT group. Sleep quality also improved in all groups, with the CBT group, particularly females, experiencing the greatest improvements. CONCLUSIONS Both treatments were effective in managing psychological distress, but CBT showed slightly stronger results across most outcomes. These findings support CBT as a valuable first-line treatment option in mental health care settings in Peshawar.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess whether cognitive behaviour therapy is effective in the management of patients suffering from tinnitus. As the symptoms of tinnitus are very subjective for the great majority of patients, we aim to evaluate subjective improvement in the perception of this symptom.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial