Abstract
Studies on the surface modification of commercial styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) rubber with different carbon black (CB) nanofiller content (10–80 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) performed by low-pressure oxygen plasma are presented in this paper. The adhesion properties of the rubber were determined by the peel test for adhesive-bonded joints prepared with a water-based polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The chemical structure and morphology of the SBS rubber surface before and after plasma treatment were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The peel tests showed that the plasma treatment significantly improved the strength of adhesive-bonded joints in the entire range of CB tested, revealing a clear maximum for approximately 50 phr of CB. It was also found that as a result of plasma treatment, functional groups that are responsible for the reactions with the PU adhesive, such as C−OH and C=O, were formed, and their concentration, similar to the peel strength, showed maximum values for approximately 50 phr CB. The occurrence of these maxima was explained using the bound rubber model.
Highlights
Adhesive bonding of rubbers to other materials, such as artificial leather, textiles, plastics, etc., is a important issue in various production processes, for example in the footwear and automotive industries
Investigations performed within the scope of this work bring us closer to understanding the plasma adhesive, the investigations performed within the scope of this work bring us closer to processes taking place on the surface of commercial SBS rubbers, and primarily, to determine the effect understanding the plasma processes taking place on the surface of commercial SBS rubbers, and of the carbon black (CB) content added to the rubber as a nanofiller on these processes
It has been found, which is primarily, to determine the effect of the CB content added to the rubber as a nanofiller on these interesting, that with the increase of the CB content, the peel strength of the adhesive joint processes
Summary
Adhesive bonding of rubbers to other materials, such as artificial leather, textiles, plastics, etc., is a important issue in various production processes, for example in the footwear and automotive industries. It is obvious that the strength and quality of such adhesive-bonded joints depend, to a large extent, on the chemical structure and morphology of the rubber surface and, can be controlled by various surface treatments. One of the typical methods to improve the adhesion of rubbers (based on SBS copolymers) to polyurethane (PU) adhesives is the wet chemical chlorination of the rubber surface [1,2]. This method, has serious disadvantages arising from the fact that very toxic and hazardous substances are released to the environment. Cold (non-equilibrium) plasma treatment has proven to be a useful method to meet these expectations [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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