Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of melanoma. Since the approval of ipilimumab, a humanized cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 antibody (anti-CTLA-4) in 2011, pembrolizumab and nivolumab (both targeting programmed cell death protein 1 [anti-PD-1]), as well as combination therapy (ipilimumab/nivolumab) have been shown to prolong progression-free survival and were approved for treatment of stage 4 melanoma. 1,S1,S2 Most recently, ICIs have been approved as adjuvant therapy for surgically resected stage 3 melanoma.
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