Abstract
The main symptom of boron (B) deficiency in cotton is the formation of brown rings on leaf petioles. The objective of the present study was to determine the changes in the anatomical structure and chemical composition of petioles and photosynthesis of leaves in cotton under B deficiency. Compared to the control, B deficiency treatment resulted in large increases in the number of petioles with brown rings per plant (160.0%) and the number of rings on the petiole per functional leaf (711.1%) in cotton seedlings. The relative absorbance intensity in the fingerprint region of polysaccharide structure was decreased in petiole rings under B deficiency, while lignin contents were increased. Cotton plants mitigated the impairment of transport function in cotton petioles by increasing the areas of vascular bundles, phloem, xylem, and phloem fiber. Moreover, the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate in leaves were significantly decreased under B deficiency, thus impeding photosynthesis in cotton plants. Therefore, B deficiency reduces transport function in petioles and photosynthesis in leaves, and leads to the formation of noticeable brown rings on petioles of cotton seedlings.
Highlights
Boron (B) is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and development[1]
The main symptom of B deficiency in cotton is the formation of brown rings on leaf petioles, accompanied by a series of physiological and ecological changes[5]
Plant height and shoot biomass were slightly, but not significantly, decreased after the formation of brown rings on cotton petioles under B deficiency compared to the controls (Fig. 1)
Summary
Boron (B) is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and development[1]. Deficiency of B has been found in many regions of the world, such as Australia, New Zealand, Africa, Spain, the United States, Brazil, and China, where it seriously affects the development of local agriculture[2,3,4]. In China, the Yangtze River Basin, the Yellow River Basin, and the Northwest Inland are among the major cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing areas In these areas, soil B is considered to be the most deficient trace element to cotton and severely limits the growth and development of cotton plants. Boron affects the formation and development of reproductive organs of plants[6,7,8], and plays an essential role in the vegetative growth of plants[9,10,11,12] This element influences the transport and metabolism of photosynthetic products in plants[13,14,15,16], and participates in the structural composition of cell walls and membranes[17, 18]. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in the anatomical structure and chemical composition of petioles and photosynthetic parameters of leaves in cotton under B deficiency
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