Abstract
his study was designed to detect the active compounds found in ethanolic crude extract of Zingeber officinale rhizome. Chemical detection of extract appeared that the ethanolic extract contain flavonoid, saponin, glycosids, phenols, resins, volatile oils, tannins, terpins and steroids while alkaloids and cumarines gave negative results. Different concentrations were prepared from ethanolic extract starting from (1-1000) µg/ml to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract on two malignant cell lines, human laryngeal carcinoma (HEP-2) cell line and murine mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN-3) cell line, exposure periods of cell lines were measured at (24, 48, 72)hr in a microtitration plate under complete sterile conditions. Results showed that, Ethanolic crude extract exhibited time-dependent cytotoxic effect of all concentrations after exposure for 24hr on cancer and transformed cells lines, and the 100 µg/ml gave the highest inhibition rate for AMN-3 86.2% after 24hr of exposure time and the cytotoxic effect of the extract started at lowest concentrations on HEP-2 cell line after 48hr of exposure reached which the best concentration 600 µg/ml gave the highest inhibition cell growth 73.4% after 48hr of exposure time.
Highlights
The idea of use the herbal medicine appeared clearly at the 17th BC when there was found tangible indication and manuscript about treatment by herbal medicine
The main pharmacological action of ginger and compound isolated from it includes immuno-modulatory, anti-tumorgenic, anti-inflamatory, anti-apoptosis, antihyperglycemic, anti-lipidemic and anti-emetic action [4]
Preparation of ethanolic extract Fifty grams of Z. officinale rhizome powder were extracted with ethanol 250 ml by soxhlet for 6 hours at (45-50)oC, the ethanolic extract was evaporated under vaccum to dryness by rotary evaporator at 40oC and kept at 4oC until use [8]
Summary
The idea of use the herbal medicine appeared clearly at the 17th BC when there was found tangible indication and manuscript about treatment by herbal medicine. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely used herbs and food flavouring. The constituents of ginger are numerous and vary depending on the place of origin and whether the rhizomes are fresh or dry. Ginger is valued both for its aromatic, volatile compounds and by its spicy, pungent constituents. The latter principles are non volatile phenols with various side chains, the so called gingerols, shogaols and paradols. 6gingerol is the most abundant constituent of fresh ginger which in vitro inhibits angiogenesis and may be useful in the treatment of tumors and other angiogenesisdependent diseases [6]. Detection of chemical compounds in ethanolic extract Chemical detection was done using different reagents as mentioned in [9] for the following compounds: Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, Saponins, phenols, essential Oils, terpenes, steroids, and resins
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