Abstract
Systemic inflammation (SI) is increasingly studied in several species because it may be central in many metabolic disturbances and be a risk factor for clinical disease. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the effects of the anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam on markers of SI and energy metabolism, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function, and endometritis in clinically healthy postpartum dairy cows. Cows received meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg of body weight; n = 20) once daily for 4 days (10–13 days postpartum) or were untreated (n = 22). Blood samples were collected −7, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 28, and 35 days relative to calving to measure serum concentrations of metabolic and inflammatory markers. Function of peripheral blood PMN were evaluated at 5, 10, 14, and 21, and proportion of PMN in endometrial cytology were performed at 5, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days postpartum. Meloxicam decreased serum haptoglobin from the second until the last day of treatment, and improved indicators of energy metabolism (lesser β-hydroxybutyrate and greater insulin-like growth factor-1 during treatment, and greater glucose at the end of treatment than control cows). This improved PMN function at 14 days postpartum, but the endometrial inflammatory status was not affected.
Highlights
Systemic inflammation (SI) is increasingly studied in several species because it may be central in many metabolic disturbances and be a risk factor for clinical disease
Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were similar between experimental groups (P = 0.9; Supplemental Fig. 3), serum BHB concentrations were lower in MEL than CON during meloxicam treatment (11, 12, 13, and 14 days postpartum; P = 0.01, 0.04, 0.001, and 0.05, respectively; Fig. 2)
Serum IGF-1 concentrations were stable in MEL from the first until the last day of treatment but decreased www.nature.com/scientificreports in CON, such that IGF-1 concentrations were greater in the treated cows (11, 12, 13, and 14 days postpartum; P = 0.04, 0.002, 0.0003, and 0.007, respectively; Fig. 4)
Summary
Systemic inflammation (SI) is increasingly studied in several species because it may be central in many metabolic disturbances and be a risk factor for clinical disease. Elevated concentrations of circulating NEFA, TNF-α, IL-6 accompanied by insulin resistance resemble sterile inflammation and metabolic syndrome in obese humans and humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[11,12] In dairy cattle, this metabolic change is mainly due to the homeorhetic shift to support milk production, when nutrient demand exceeds dietary intake, resulting in a state of negative energy balance (NEB)[13]. There is limited research exploring the use of meloxicam to mitigate postpartum SI and treat reproductive tract inflammatory dysregulation in dairy cattle The objective of this proof-of-concept experiment was to assess the effects of NSAID treatment on the dynamics of SI, energy metabolism, innate immune response, and uterine health. The hypothesis was that meloxicam would decrease SI, improving PMN function and decreasing reproductive tract inflammation assessed by endometrial cytology
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