Abstract
Cotyledon expiants ofPanax ginseng were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium with various concentrations of NH4C1 and KNO,. Morphogenesis such as somatic embryo, embryogenic callus, or adventitious root formation from cotyledon expiants differently occurred according to the concentrations of NH/ and NO3. Somatic embryos were actively formed in a moderate concentration of NH4 + (20 mM) in combination of NO3, but in a high concentration of NH4 + (60 mM), only embryogenie calli were formed. In little or no NH4 +, adventitious roots were formed at a high rate. The influence of NO3 on those morphogenesis was slight but combination of NO3 with NH4 + was indispensable since the cotyledon expiants were necrotized on medium containing only NH4 + as a nitrogen source. Histological observation revealed that somatic embryo and embryogenie callus formation occurred from the same origin (cotyledon epidermis), whereas, adventitious roots were originated from the cells near vascular strands.
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