Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a dietary supplement (Ambrotose AO®) on resting and exercise-induced blood antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in exercise-trained and untrained men and women.Methods25 individuals (7 trained and 5 untrained men; 7 trained and 6 untrained women) received Ambrotose AO® (4 capsules per day = 2 grams per day) or a placebo for 3 weeks in a random order, double blind cross-over design (with a 3 week washout period). Blood samples were collected at rest, and at 0 and 30 minutes following a graded exercise treadmill test (GXT) performed to exhaustion, both before and after each 3 week supplementation period. Samples were analyzed for Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrate/nitrite (NOx). Quality of life was assessed using the SF-12 form and exercise time to exhaustion was recorded. Resting blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), metabolic panel, and lipid panel before and after each 3 week supplementation period. Dietary intake during the week before each exercise test was recorded.ResultsNo condition effects were noted for SF-12 data, for GXT time to exhaustion, or for any variable within the CBC, metabolic panel, or lipid panel (p > 0.05). Treatment with Ambrotose AO® resulted in an increase in resting levels of TEAC (p = 0.02) and ORAC (p < 0.0001). No significant change was noted in resting levels of MDA, H2O2, or NOx (p > 0.05). Exercise resulted in an acute increase in TEAC, MDA, and H2O2 (p < 0.05), all which were higher at 0 minutes post exercise compared to pre exercise (p < 0.05). No condition effects were noted for exercise related data (p > 0.05), with the exception of ORAC (p = 0.0005) which was greater at 30 minutes post exercise for Ambrotose AO® compared to placebo.ConclusionAmbrotose AO® at a daily dosage of 4 capsules per day increases resting blood antioxidant capacity and may enhance post exercise antioxidant capacity. However, no statistically detected difference is observed in resting or exercise-induced oxidative stress biomarkers, in quality of life, or in GXT time to exhaustion.
Highlights
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a dietary supplement (Ambrotose AO®) on resting and exercise-induced blood antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in exercise-trained and untrained men and women
While it is well accepted that a low level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production is absolutely necessary to maintain normal physiological function [5], as well as to allow for exercise-induced adaptations to the endogenous antioxidant defense system [6,7], excessive RONS production may lead to the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which may impair normal cellular function [8]
Regarding compliance to capsule intake, subjects were 90% compliant to Ambrotose AO® capsules and 93% compliant to placebo capsules, with no statistical difference noted between conditions (p > 0.05)
Summary
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a dietary supplement (Ambrotose AO®) on resting and exercise-induced blood antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in exercise-trained and untrained men and women. Oxidative stress may occur when the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) overwhelms endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses, with the potential outcome being oxidation of large and small molecules within a variety of susceptible tissues [1]. Such findings have been reported in hundreds of investigations over the past several years, both in a rested state [2], as well as in response to aerobic [3] and anaerobic [4] exercise. It has been the objective of many investigators and clinicians to minimize oxidative stress levels, often done with the use of supplemental antioxidant nutrient intake
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