Abstract
We have examined the effect of three agrotechnological factors (sowing time, fertilization, crop density) and four genotypes on the yieldof sweetcorn on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság region in 2009. The experiment was set up at the Látókép Research Site of the University ofDebrecen. We have included two sowing times (27 April, 26 May), six nutrition levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK,N150+PK) and four genotypes (Jumbo, Enterprise, Prelude, Box-R) at two crop density levels (45 thousand ha-1).In the humid cropyear of 2010 the amount of precipitation exceeded the 30-year average by 184 mm in the cropping season; the averagetemperature exceeded the same by 0.8 C on the average of the examined months. The circumstances were most favourable for sweetcornproduction with the first sowing time, thus, this was when the yield of all hybrids was the highest.With early sowing time, the highest yield (23437 kg ha-1 yield) was obtained with Enterprise at 45 thousand ha-1 crop density level atN150 + PK nutrition level. The highest yield of the other three hybrids was 22253 kg ha-1 (Jumbo) 22286 kg ha-1 (Box-R) and 1873 kg ha-1(Prelude). With the second sowing time, the highest yield was obtained with Enterprise again (22237 kg ha-1) at 65 thousand ha-1 cropdensity level. With this sowing time the yield of Jumbo, Box-R and Prelude was 20888 kg ha-1, 17796 kg ha-1 and 17401 kg ha-1, respectively.We found that the highest yield was obtained at the highest nutrition levels (N120 + PK, N150 +PK) with the first sowing time, while the samewas obtained at lower nutrition levels (N90 + PK, N120 + PK) with the second sowing time.
Highlights
Maize is the most important food and feed crop in the world with wide-range forms of use
The yield capacity is influenced by the cropping season and the applied agrotechnological factors
30-year average, and by washing the nutrients deeper down in the soil it had a negative effect on the yields with the second sowing time
Summary
Maize is the most important food and feed crop in the world with wide-range forms of use. The origin of maize (Zea Mays L.) is South America, its gene centre is where today is Chile and Peru. The cultivation of maize is of great importance in Hungary as well, 32 % of the arable land (1.2 million ha) is used for maize production. Maize can be used in its green state as feed or processed into silage. Most of the maize is harvested at the stage of phisiological maturity, when the kernels are already dry. It is widely used for industrial purposes in the forms of edible oil, sugar, starch or ethanol
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