Abstract
Taiwan is eager to develop renewable energy because it is vulnerable to energy price distortion and ocean level rise. Previous studies show bioenergy technologies can be applied mutually, but pay little attention on feedstocks to energy conversion rate, which has potential influences on policy making in renewable energy and environment. This study employs a price endogenous mathematical programming model to simultaneously simulate the market operations under various feedstocks to energy conversion rates, energy prices, and greenhouse gas (GHG) prices. The result shows pyrolysis-based electricity can reach up to 2.75 billion kWh annually, but it will be driven out at low conversion rate and high GHG price. Pyrolysis plus biochar application will be the optimal option in terms of carbon sequestration. Market valuation on potential threats of extreme weather could have substantial influences on ethanol and renewable electricity generation. To achieve aimed GHG emission reduction and/or bioenergy production, government intervention may be involved to align the market operation with Taiwan’s environmental policy.
Highlights
Climate change shift is an important challenge that many countries have been dealing with
Even with such benefits to biochar application, the main theme is still put on the amount of bioenergy that can be produced via various bioenergy technologies and how this industry potentially replaces the use of fossil fuels
Feedstock to bioenergy conversion rates directly influence the amount of bioenergy that can be produced, play an important role in whether the various conversion rates may cause bioenergy to be less competitive to the other side benefits
Summary
Climate change shift is an important challenge that many countries have been dealing with. A similar situation happens in Taiwan because less than 1% of the energy source can be domestically supplied and the climate change induced damages are very likely to impact the Taiwanese economy, environment and society Bioenergy such as ethanol that can blend with gasoline and co-fire, which mixes bio-feedstocks with coal to generate electricity, is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels because. With incorporation of the market effects and the multiple uses of biochar, the study makes contributions by exploring the changes of net bioenergy production and GHG emission offset at different levels of energy prices and energy conversion rates, along with the policy implication regarding the government strategy on bioenergy development. The results derived from the pyrolysis and biochar application provides additional information on development of bioenergy regarding policy intervention and technology changes
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