Abstract
BackgroundEnamel demineralization and white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets is a common problem associated with fixed orthodontic treatment. Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used for bracket bonding and recently, bioactive glass (BAG) was added to GICs to enhance deposition of calcium phosphate in adjacent dental structure. This study sought to assess the effect of addition of BAG particles to resin modified GIC (RMGIC) on enamel demineralization under orthodontic brackets.Material and MethodsIn this in vitro, experimental study, 60 sound human premolars were immersed in distilled water at 6°C. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Using a sticker, a window measuring 7x7 mm was created on the buccal surface. The remaining surfaces were coated with nail varnish twice with a 3-hour interval. After 24 hours, the stickers were removed. Brackets were bonded to tooth surfaces using Transbond XT (control), Fuji II LC RMGIC and Fuji II LC containing 30% BAG particles. To induce acid attacks, the teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 6 hours. For pH cycling, the teeth were then immersed in remineralizing solution for 18 hours. This process was repeated for 21 days. Next, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned into two halves and the depth of demineralization was measured from the deepest point to the surface under a polarized light microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and pairwise comparisons were carried out using Tukey’s test.ResultsThe mean depth of demineralization was 73.8±22.29, 118.08±29.42 and 182.98±20.69 µm in the BAG, RMGIC and Transbond XT groups, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in terms of depth of demineralization among the three groups (P=0.0001). Tukey’s test revealed significant differences in depth of demineralization.ConclusionsAddition of BAG to RMGIC can significantly decrease the depth of enamel demineralization under orthodontic brackets in vitro. Key words:Remineralization, demineralization, orthodontic brackets, bioactive glass, resin modified glass ionomer cement.
Highlights
Enamel demineralization and white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets is a common problem associated with fixed orthodontic treatment (1)
The mean (± standard deviation) depth of demineralization was 73.8±22.29 μm in bioactive glass (BAG), 118.08±29.42 μm in resin modified GIC (RMGIC) and 182.98±20.69 μm in Transbond XT group (Table 1)
The current results showed that RMGIC containing BAG had the greatest ability to prevent demineralization under orthodontic brackets
Summary
Enamel demineralization and white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets is a common problem associated with fixed orthodontic treatment (1). Glass ionomer cements (GICs) were first suggested by Wilson and Kent (1972) as the material of choice for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth (3). These cements are biocompatible with enamel and dentin and have cariostatic effects. Due to the presence of resin component, these cements have higher bond strength to the enamel surface (4). The composition of BAGs includes calcium oxide, sodium oxide, phosphorus oxide and silicon oxide in specific volume percentages (11) They all form compounds with unique surface reactivity (12). This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of BAG particles to RMGIC on enamel demineralization under orthodontic brackets. This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of BAG particles to RMGIC on enamel demineralization under orthodontic brackets. -Sample size Considering the number of samples in the same research (29), and taking into account the95% accuracy of the test, and using the following formula, the number of samples required for each of the three groups in the study was estimated 20 (Total 60 samples), (Fig. 1): Fig. 1: Formula
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