Abstract
Polysulfone (Psf) composite membrane consist of activated carbon, polyethyleneimine and silver nitrate was prepared by phase inversion. The activated carbon (AC) act as adsorbent to adsorb heavy metal present in synthetic waste water while polysulfone membrane act as support. Phase inversion was carried out on different composition of activated carbon from 0 to 0.9% while other component are remain constant. The surface morphology of composite membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while heavy metal absorption was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The SEM image show symmetric membrane matrix with sponge structure. The composite membrane with 0.9wt% AC has the highest water flux as well as removal of heavy metal (chromium, lead, silver and cadmium) compare to composite membrane with 0.3wt% AC and 0.5wt% AC. The percentage of heavy metal reduction by composite membrane 0.9wt% AC was 35% cadmium, 19% chromium, 16% silver and 2% lead. The result indicated that the introduction of 0.9wt% AC indeed plays an important role towards enhancing the adsorption of heavy metal in water.
Highlights
Membrane comes in different meanings where it is defined as an intervening phase separating two phases acting as a barrier to transport matter between phases
Chromium rejection show an increase from approximately 13% (CM2) to 19% (CM5) the gradient was not apparent but the increase of rejection might as well contributed by activated carbon inside the membrane matrix that absorb heavy metal while membrane filtered the remaining
With the addition of activated carbon, the membrane morphology was modified with increase of water flux
Summary
Membrane comes in different meanings where it is defined as an intervening phase separating two phases acting as a barrier to transport matter between phases. Membrane separates substances through its pore using momentum such as pressure difference, temperature difference, concentration and electric potential difference [1]. Among the application including manufacturing, medical, water treatment and fuel cells [2]. In wastewater treatment, membrane successfully treat wastewater up to 98% rejection of heavy metals [3]. Malaysia get 2,000 to 3,000mm rainfall a year, recorded as the seventh highest in the world. Most of it is lost to surface run-off, evaporation and groundwater recharge that is often used for drinking water. In Malaysia, water resources can be obtained from rainfall, surface runoff, groundwater recharge, dams, aquifers and evapotranspiration. Streams and river contribute 98 % of total water used in Malaysia
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