Abstract
An investigation was conducted with turkeys during the spring-summer seasons of 2008 to 2011. Each season the turkeys were allocated to three treatments. The control received a standard compound feed. In the second treatment, a natural feed additive, consisting of 5% extracted polyphenols from Cynara scolymus, was included in the diet, and the third consisted of a synthetic antioxidant mixture containing 17% butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 6% propyl gallate, 2.4% etoxyquin and 25% citric acid. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein, and antioxidative parameters were measured in the plasma. The males in the study had a significantly higher concentration of peroxides, malondialdehyde and vitamin C in their plasma than the females. The plasma concentration of low-molecular antioxidants, as well as the activity of the antioxidative enzymes, decreased with the age of the birds. The inclusion of the natural and synthetic feed additives to the diet increased the levels of the ferric-reducing ability of plasma and of vitamin C in turkeys.Keywords: Cynara scolymus, polyphenols, FRAP, vitamin C, free radicals
Highlights
A measure of the antioxidant status of the body is the so-called balance or ratio between oxidative factors
Yl effect of the year of the study eijklm random error. This investigation demonstrated that the administration of both natural and synthetic feed additives with antioxidative or potentially antioxidative properties to turkey diets resulted in increased (P ≤0.01) plasma concentrations of the non-enzymatic antioxidants ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and vitamin C (Table 3)
The sex of the birds was found to determine the higher levels of peroxides, malondialdehyde and vitamin C in the blood of the turkey toms
Summary
A measure of the antioxidant status of the body is the so-called balance or ratio between oxidative factors These include lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes, peroxide radicals, hydroperoxides of fatty acids, and alkyl radicals), endogenous and exogenous suppressive substances against radicals (ROS) such as special groups of enzymes, for example superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase with their associated metal cations (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe,) and anion, selenium; and many low-molecular antioxidants such as bilirubin, creatinine, uric acid, urea, glutathione and active forms of vitamins E and C, (Bartosz, 2004). As a result of the exposure of the animal body, including that of birds, to stress-inducing factors, immunosuppressive factors and a high level of cell metabolism owing to conditions and specific characteristics of rearing (stocking density, exchange and temperature of air, epizootic factors, genetic potential), a frequent phenomenon observed in the commercial rearing of poultry is the destabilization of the antioxidative balance owing to the excessive activity of free radical species (Truchliński et al, 2007, Ognik & Sembratowicz, 2012)
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