Efekat izolovanog probiotskog soja Lactobacillus plantarum N24 na rast i hematološke performanse mužjaka albino pacova

Aim: This study investigated the cultural method and 16S rRNA gene analysis to reveal the composition and diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from dairy origin (spontaneous fermented cow milk) in Nigeria.
 Methods: Six dairy samples which includes two raw cow milk, two raw goat milk and two fermented cow milk (nono) were collected and subjected to standard microbiological investigation using both cultural and molecular methods. The dairy samples were cultured on MRS media, and the isolates were identified using physiological and biochemical parameters. DNA of four selected probiotic LAB isolates from nono were amplified using PCR while the amplicons were electrophoresed in agarose gel, pre-stained with ethidium bromide and characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. The result of the DNA sequencing were analyzed using NCBI BLAST. 
 Results: A total of 55 presumptive LAB were isolated. Twenty nine (29) Lactobacillus plantarum representing 52.7%, Pediococcus acidilactici 15(27.2%), Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus brevis 4(7.3%) while Lactobacillus fermentum 3(5.5%) were recorded respectively. Result of the gel electrophoresis revealed DNA size of approximately 1500bp. The selected probiotic LAB from nono used in this study were confirmed as Lactobacillus plantarum N17, Lactobacillus plantarum N24, Lactobacillus brevis N10 and Lactobacillus casei N1 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis while the phylogenetic analysis revealed a 98-100% similarity with a high homology level which affirms the strain of the organism.
 Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the diversity of LAB existing in dairy samples known as fermented cow milk (nono) which could be harnessed as valuable sources for LAB isolation and potential probiotic organisms.

The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.

Simple SummaryThe supplementation of direct-feed microorganisms (DFM) that are commonly used in ruminants. The main types of DFM used in ruminant studies include yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), etc. However, the interaction and subsequent results of mixed microbes such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and other microbes in ruminants have not been studied. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of microbial fermented liquid (MFL) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition in early lactating dairy cows. The results showed that supplementation could improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition in early lactating dairy cows.The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of MFL supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition in early lactating dairy cows. Twelve, Thai crossbred Holstein Friesian cows in early lactation, 500 ± 30 kg of body weight (BW), were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design (CRD). MFL supplementation levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mL/d were used as treatments. Experimental animals were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with a roughage to concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) of 40:60, which contains 12% crude protein (CP) and 70% total digestible nutrient (TDN). Rice straw was a roughage source. MFL supplementation levels had no effect (p > 0.05) on body weight change and dry matter intake (DMI) expressed as %BW, whereas DMI expressed as metabolic body weight (BW0.75) was linearly (p < 0.05) increased, with the highest at 200 mL/d in the YFL supplementation group (147.5 g/kg BW0.75), whereas feed intake of organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) did not significant (p > 0.05) difference among treatments. Related to apparent digestibility, MFL levels did not affect (p > 0.05) on DM, OM, and EE digestibility, while apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, and ADF were linearly increased (p < 0.05) when increasing MFL supplementation levels, and the highest (p < 0.05) were the 200 and 300 mL/d FML supplemented groups. BUN at 0 h post feeding did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05) between treatments, while at 4 h after feeding, BUN was linearly (p < 0.05) increased from 0, 100, 200, and 300 (mL/day) MFL supplementation, the values were 12.9, 13.1, 19.7, and 18.4 mg/dL, respectively and the highest was 200 mL/head/day for the MFL supplemented group. MFL supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) milk fat, lactose, solid not fat (SNF), and specific gravity of milk, while MFL supplementation at 200 mL/day caused a linear increase (p < 0.01) in BUN, MUN, milk yield, milk protein, total solids (TS) and 3.5% FCM when supplement levels were increased. In conclusion, MFL supplementation in early lactating dairy cows could improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition.

Molecular identification and quantification of lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented dairy foods of Russia

Amago salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae juveniles selectively bred for growth on a low fishmeal diet exhibit a good response to the low fishmeal diet due largely to an increased feed intake with a particular preference for the diet

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with traditional fermented dairy products in Mongolia

An attempt has been made in the present study to explore the potential of Spirulina, a cyanobacterium, photoautotrophic microorganism in initiating a stimulatory effect on the microflora of Probiotic yoghurt. Probiotic yoghurt was prepared by adding 1 percent inoculum of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum to yoghurt cultures viz., Streptococcus. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Spirulina enriched functional Probiotic yoghurt was prepared by using 1 gram of Spirulina per litre of mix.The pH and acidity of probiotic yoghurt and Spirulina enriched Probiotic yoghurt on 0 day was 4.31± 0.007, 0.96± 0.002 and 4.31± 0.009, 0.96± 0.005 respectively. On the 3rd it was 4.30 ± 0.003, 0.96 ± 0.004 and 4.31 ± 0.004, 0.96± 0.005 respectively. There was no significant difference in the pH and acidity of Probiotic and Spirulina enriched yoghurt between these 2 sampling periods. The pH and acidity of probiotic yoghurt and spirulina enriched probiotic yoghurt on the 7th day was 4.28 ± 0.001, 1.11 ± 0.030 and 4.31 ± 0.004, 1.02 ± 0.023 respectively. Significant difference was noticed in pH and acidity in these two treatments on 7th day. The Spirulina enriched sample was less acidic than Probiotic yoghurt. There was virtually no difference in viable numbers of S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on 0 and 3rd day. However the growth of the three lactic acid bacteria used was higher in Spirulina enriched yoghurt than in Probiotic yoghurt on the 7th day. The addition of cyanobacterial bio mass to Bifidobacterium bifidum, S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus had beneficial effect on their viability. No spoilage organism was detected at any sampling time, indicating the high degree of sanitation during processing and packaging products. Thus the abundance of bioactive substances in Spirulina is of great importance from a nutritional point of view as it provides new opportunity for the manufacture of functional dairy foods.

effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants

Background: Coccidiosis presents a severe threat to the global poultry industry, adversely affecting both chicken health and productivity. The extensive use of synthetic anticoccidial drugs has contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains, necessitating the exploration of natural alternatives that are safe, effective, and readily available. Objective: This study focused on assessing the potential anticoccidial and hematological properties of the crude methanol leaf extract obtained from Psidium guajava in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Methods: The research process began with the collection and identification of Psidium guajava leaves, from which active compounds were extracted using methanol. Safety tests included avian acute toxicity (LD50) and phytochemical screening, which confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites, indicating potential medicinal properties. The study then evaluated the anticoccidial efficacy of the Psidium guajava extract in 50 broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. The chickens were divided into five groups: groups 1 to 3 received varying doses of Psidium guajava extract, group 4 received Amprolium (a standard anticoccidial drug), and group 5 received normal saline. The study spanned seven days, during which parameters such as feed intake, weight gain, and oocyst shedding were closely monitored. Following the study period, the chickens were euthanized, and various samples were collected for analysis. Results: Results indicated that the Psidium guajava extract was non-toxic, even at the highest tested dose of 5000 mg/kg, as demonstrated by the LD50 test. Chickens in the treatment groups exhibited milder clinical signs of coccidiosis, including reduced dullness, appetite loss, bloody droppings, and weight loss, compared to the untreated infected group. Treated and infected chickens showed significant improvements in feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratios. Additionally, oocyst shedding, caecal oocyst values, and lesion scores were significantly (P &lt; 0.001) lower in the treated groups, indicating the extract's effectiveness against Eimeria infection. Hematological parameters, including Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Hemoglobin (Hb), and Red Blood Cell count (RBC), showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) improvements in treated chickens, with the highest values observed in the group receiving 600 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. White blood cell counts were also more favorable in the treated groups The also showed that the infected untreated broiler chickens (group 5) had significantly lower MCV, MCH, and MCHC values compared to those receiving Psidium guajava’s crude methanol leaf extract (CME) at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg (groups 1, 2, and 3) or amprolium (group 4). Additionally, broiler chickens in groups 2 and 3, receiving 400 and 600 mg/kg of CME, exhibited significantly higher MCV, MCH, and MCHC values than those in group 1, which received 200 mg/kg of CME. In conclusion, this research highlighted Psidium guajava as a potential effective and safe anticoccidial agent for managing poultry coccidiosis. Conclusions: The study demonstrated enhanced chicken health and performance, positioning Psidium guajava as a promising candidate for further exploration in the poultry industry's disease management strategies. The findings suggest that this natural remedy could offer a viable alternative to synthetic anticoccidial drugs, aiding in the combat against drug-resistant Eimeria strains in poultry farming.

Identification and characterization of wild lactobacilli and pediococci from spontaneously fermented Mountain Cheese

17P Design of a comprehensive security system for a clinical research database

This study investigated the responses of low-weight day-old chicks to zinc bacitracin and Bacillus mixture on growth performance, hematology, intestinal selected microbiota populations, and carcass characteristics. A total of 192 unsexed Lohman MB-202 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment groups of 48 chicks each (6 replicates of 8 chicks) and fed for 35 days. The four treatments were CONT (basal diet without supplementation), AGP (basal diet with 0.04% zinc bacitracin), PROB (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Bacillus mixture), and PROB+AGP (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Bacillus mixture and 0.04% zinc bacitracin). There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. The relative weight of thymus was higher (P= 0.01) in AGP than that in PROB and PROB+AGP birds. Birds in PROB+AGP had lower (P= 0.04) values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme compared to those in CONT and AGP groups, but the difference was not significant when compared with birds in PROB group. Serum creatinine was lower (P< 0.01) in PROB+AGP than in CONT and AGP birds. Birds in AGP group tended (P = 0.09) to have higher globulin concentration in the serum compared to other birds. There was also a tendency (P = 0.07) for PROB+AGP birds to have higher albumin to globulin ratio compared with other birds. There was more lactic acid bacteria in ileal digesta (P = 0.05) in PROB+AGP than in AGP birds, but the difference was not significant when compared to CONT and PROB birds. Birds in AGP group had higher (P = 0.05) relative breast weight compared to other birds. In conclusion, Bacillus mixture did not affect performance and hematological parameters, but increased the intestinal population of lactic acid bacteria in broiler chicks.

The present study investigated the effect of supplementing feed with transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 containing the Paralichthys olivaceus growth hormone (GH) gene on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, muscle composition, haematology and histology of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). At the end of the 40-day feeding trial, the specific growth rate of fish fed the supplemented feed with 1.0% transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was 21.67% higher (P<0.05) than that of control fish. Although body weight and feed efficiency ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) in fish fed the diet supplemented with transgenic alga, feed intake and condition factor of the experimental fish were unaffected. Muscle composition analysis showed that the protein content was positively influenced by the transgenic alga, whereas the lipid content was unaffected. Haematological parameters, including red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, and serum biochemical indices, such as enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, concentrations of total protein, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol and ion levels of K, Na, Cl, P were not influenced by supplementing the transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Furthermore, no histopathological alterations were induced by transgenic alga treatment in the stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and kidney of the experimental fish. The results of the present study indicated that transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 containing P. olivaceus GH gene is an efficient growth promoter and a safe feed additive for fish.

Background: Diabetes remains a global public health concern in the world. Much is known about the burden of type 2 diabetes as opposed to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) hence underdiagnosis is evident. Diabetes type 1 is often associated with multiple symptoms and patients with type 1 diabetes are left with regular insulin injection as remedy despite odds of the fact that it is sprout by multiple challenges ranging from hypoglycemia, expensive nature and inconveniences. The use of probiotic bacteria appears today as one of safer alternative to alleviate diabetes and symptoms. Aim of the study: This study aims at characterizing potential hypoglycemic probiotic lactic acid bacterium from fermented cow milk and to evaluate its effects on anthropometric parameters of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in an alloxan-induced mice model. Methods: The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from samples of Fulani cow milk using pour plating technique on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. The isolates were then further characterized phenotypically and molecularly using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Type-1 diabetes mellitus was induced in Balb-c mice by administration of 150mg/Kg B.w of alloxan intraperitoneally, twice consecutively. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups after induction with 150mg/kg of alloxan per body weight except Group I (normal control). Animals were treated with different probiotic doses of concentration: 9x108 CFU/mL, 1.8x109 CFU/mL and 2.7x109CFU/mL respectively and insulin as positive control. MDA, NO levels as well as anti-oxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GSH) were measured from pancreatic homogenate. Results: One isolate (PRI 29) was selected based on its functional properties like resistance to simulated gastro-intestinal stress environment (acid and bile salt tolerance) and absence of hemolytic activity. This probiotic isolate was identified as a strain of Lactobacillus fermentum. The isolate was sensitive to 10 tested antibiotics including vancomycin, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin. The isolate resisted acid and bile salts since there was no significant difference (p &gt;0.05) between viable count before and after incubation pH 2.5 and bile salts concentration of 0.3 and 0.6%. Administration of probiotic LAB significantly (p&lt;0.001) ameliorated polydipsia and polyphagia. The glucose and oral glucose tolerance levels were ameliorated in probiotics treated groups p&lt;0.05 as compared to the untreated group. Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum strain was capable of significantly ameliorating oxidative stress in LAB treated mice compared to untreated group (p&lt;0.001) demonstrated by decrease in pro-oxidant NO and MDA. The administration of probiotics led to increase in anti-oxidants (SOD, GSH &amp; CAT) to scavenge oxidative stress biomarkers within the mice treated group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The selected Probiotic lactic acid bacterium isolated from cow milk possess antidiabetic and anti -oxidant properties.

IntroductionExtended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) emanating from raw cow milk are among the leading contributors to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in dairy farms, cow’s milk has become a reservoir of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae posing a growing public health threat, especially in areas where the consumption of raw milk is common. However, compared to the clinical sector, the prevalence of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the food sector is under-studied.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in raw bulk cow milk from Dairy Cooperatives in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April, 2025 among 257 dairy cooperative member farms. Sociodemographic and related data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of raw bulk cow milk were collected aseptically from each farm in four Dairy Cooperatives (DCs) (DC-A to D). 10 microliters of milk sample were directly inoculated into MacConkey agar. Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. ESBL and carbapenemase production were confirmed phenotypically via combination disk tests and modified carbapenem inactivation methods, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae in raw cow milk was 21% (95% CI, 16.5–26.4%), with respective individual prevalence of 8.2% and 14.8%. ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae accounted for 23.8% and 15.8% of isolates, respectively, while 2.6% of isolates (only K. pneumoniae) were carbapenemase producers. Resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid exceeded 70%. All E. coli and 94.7% of K. pneumoniae isolates remained susceptible to carbapenems. Nearly half of all isolates (45.8%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 51.9% of MDR isolates were co-resistant to at least six antibiotics. Having additional non-farming occupations (AOR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.49–11.67), large herd size (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.26–8.18), having pet animals (AOR: 6.53, 95% CI: 1.39–30.7), and use of calabash milk pail (AOR: 7.37, 95% CI: 1.45–37.49) were significantly associated with milk culture positive result for E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae.ConclusionRaw milk in Northwest Amhara harbors ESBL and carbapenemase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae posing a substantial public health risk coupled with MDR and resistance to critically important antimicrobials. Strengthened AMR surveillance, improved farm hygiene, restricted antibiotic use, and public education on milk safety are urgently needed.