Abstract
Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de 12 semanas de intervenções interdisciplinares em parâmetros comportamentais e alimentares de adolescentes com excesso de peso ou obesidade. Método: O estudo apresenta um delineamento longitudinal e quaseexperimental. Foram selecionados para participar da pesquisa 40 adolescentes com idade de 16 ± 1 anos. No entanto, apenas 17 concluíram as 12 semanas de intervenções interdisciplinares. As intervenções foram realizadas por profissionais de educação física (exercício físico três vezes por semana), fisioterapeutas (exercícios para o fortalecimento do core e posturais, três vezes por semana), nutrição (reeducação alimentar, duas vezes por semana) e terapia cognitivo-comportamental (foco na mudança de comportamento e adoção de um estilo de vida ativo, uma vez por semana). A fim de quantificar os parâmetros comportamentais dos adolescentes, foram utilizados os questionários: Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), teste de atitudes alimentares (EAT), escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) e escala Hamilton de ansiedade (EHA). Resultados: para a resposta 9 do BSQ: “estar com pessoas magras do mesmo sexo que você, faz você se sentir preocupada (o) em relação ao seu físico? ” Foi identificada redução significativa das respostas atribuídas pelos adolescentes no momento pós-intervenção (p<0,05), assim como para a EHA, na questão 3: medo – de escuro, de desconhecidos, de multidão, de ser abandonado, de animais grandes, de trânsito”, com valores inferiores (p<0,05), após as intervenções interdisciplinares. Conclusão: As intervenções interdisciplinares resultaram em melhoras na imagem corporal em relação à percepção do estado físico, bem como em uma diminuição do medo apresentado pelos adolescentes. As 12 semanas de intervenções apresentaram ligeiras mudanças no comportamento dos adolescentes analisados no presente estudo.
Highlights
Obesity is defined as the accumulation of fat mass, caused by a positive calorie balance, in which the intake is higher than the energy expenditure, and can be classified according to the body mass index (BMI), which is used for calculation the body weight (BW) divided by height (H) squared (BW/H2), being a positive indicator for obesity, when the result is equal to or greater than 30.0 kg/m2, for non-athletes[1,2,3]
The results from the 12 weeks of intervention indicated a significant difference for Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) question 9: “Being with thin people of the same sex as you, makes you feel worried about your physique?” In which lower values were detected after the respective period when compared with the pre-intervention values (p0.05) (Table 1)
The present study shows that the adolescent group and the increase of the knowledge made possible by the intervention: nutritional knowledge and the physical state, can provide greater corporal satisfaction of the adolescents[27], corroborating to the reduction of the concern to be with thinner, same-sex people
Summary
Obesity is defined as the accumulation of fat mass, caused by a positive calorie balance, in which the intake is higher than the energy expenditure, and can be classified according to the body mass index (BMI), which is used for calculation the body weight (BW) divided by height (H) squared (BW/H2), being a positive indicator for obesity, when the result is equal to or greater than 30.0 kg/m2, for non-athletes[1,2,3]. The indication of obesity in adolescents, aged 10 to 19, uses classification curves in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO), according to age (in months), sex and BMI, with the following classifications, according to percentiles: a) overweight: from p85 and less than p97; b) obesity: greater than p97 and less than p99.9 and c) severe obesity: above p99.9. Another classification used is the table proposed by Cole et al.[4] that separates children and adolescents, in cut ranges. It is verified that the prevalence of obesity in different age groups is alarming and, as a result, there are substantial proposals for intervention for the prevention and treatment of this public health problem
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