Efeitos da familiaridade, complexidade da tarefa e experiência do preparador no reconhecimento da receita

Book Reviews

In 2019, international clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were published. Informing our understanding of mechanisms, recent systematic reviews have shown that children with DCD have difficulties with the predictive control of movements, including aspects of motor planning, which is expressed as the internal modeling deficit hypothesis. This motor control deficit is most evident when the spatial and temporal demands of a task increase. An increasing number of empirical studies suggest that motor planning problems can be remediated through training based on one or a combination of motor imagery and action observation. In this review, we show evidence of motor planning problems in children with DCD and show that task demands or complexity affects its appearance. Implications of these findings are treatments based on motor imagery and action observation to remediate motor planning issues. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.

An empirical insight on Spanish listed companies’ perceptions of International Financial Reporting Standards

This study investigates the underlying factors contributing to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in Nigeria. The diversity of responses to IFRS adoption is a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the reasons why some companies adopt IFRS other do not. Previous studies have investigated preparers of financial statements’ compliance with IFRS. However, there is a dearth of research on the influence of cultural factors on IFRS adoption. Little has heretofore has been done to examine cultural variables as determinants of IFRS adoption. This study applies a self-administered survey instrument to elicit data from four major cities in Nigeria. The analysis involves applied logistic regression to estimate the relationship between the covariates and the companies’ decisions to adopt IFRS. The results indicate companies’ professionalism, transparency, flexibility, secrecy, uniformity and statutory control are significant factors impacting IFRS adoption at different magnitudes. For example, a company that considers IFRS will increase the level of financial statements transparency is more likely to maintain some levels of secrecy. The study identifies that IFRS adoption can only be successful when accountants develop the relevant technical expertise in IFRS requirements prior to the implementation. Consequently, there is a need for more practical training in IFRS accounting valuation, recognition, measurement and disclosure of financial information to users of financial statements. The diversity in responses to IFRS adoption, where some companies adopt and others show resistance to IFRS requirements has been a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the rationale. Though some studies have investigated companies’ compliance with accounting regulations in Nigeria, there is limited research on factors influencing IFRS adoption. A consequence is that efforts to come up with effective policies to enhance IFRS adoption and obtain compliance status for Nigerian companies are constrained. The objective is to contribute to initiatives aimed at assuring foreign investors of reliability of IFRS financial statements prepared by Nigerian companies.

General Background: Accounting plays a crucial role in business operations by ensuring accurate financial reporting and transparency. The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has become essential for global trade enterprises to maintain consistency, comparability, and reliability in financial statements. Specific Background: Trade businesses face challenges in financial reporting, including compliance with international regulations, efficient data management, and technological adaptation. IFRS provides a standardized framework to enhance financial reporting quality, improve investment prospects, and support decision-making. Knowledge Gap: Despite the widespread adoption of IFRS, gaps remain in understanding the practical implementation of international standards in trade enterprises, particularly regarding accounting policies, automation, and personnel training. Aims: This study analyzes the role of IFRS in trade business accounting, examines key elements such as financial statement preparation, auditing, and technology integration, and identifies challenges and solutions in compliance with global standards. Results: Findings indicate that IFRS adoption enhances financial transparency, improves internal financial discipline, and strengthens businesses' competitiveness in international markets. The integration of modern accounting technologies and training programs significantly improves compliance efficiency. Novelty: This study provides a structured approach to implementing IFRS in trade businesses, highlighting the synergy between regulatory compliance, technological advancement, and personnel expertise. Implications: The adoption of IFRS fosters financial stability, attracts investment, and supports trade enterprises in global market expansion. Policymakers and business leaders should prioritize regulatory adherence, automation, and workforce development to optimize financial reporting processes. Highlights: Importance of IFRS in Business Accounting Technology & Tools for Accurate Financial Reporting Enhancing Global Competitiveness Through Standardized Accounting Keywords: financial reports, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Joint-stock companies, revenue and expenses.

The global wind of economic integration has now reached the doorstep of accounting profession with intense pressure on nations state to apply unified accounting Standards in government undertakings. This effort could be seen as a centaury reform to the profession. The reform agenda was perceived as way forward towards harmonizing public sector with private sector liked system and principle of financial reporting, which for long experts had been advocating on the believed that both sectors should operate at the same level of efficiency. The need for high quality standards to enhance sound and consistent financial reporting and the fact that the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of public sector extended to a belief that public and private sectors did not have to be managed in fundamentally different ways, fostered a wide-ranging discussion about the harmonization of public sector accounting systems and their convergence towards the private sector financial reporting standards. There is no doubt that applying universal high quality standards can promote efficiency, transparency which in long run may promote public accountability. However, the process of adopting a uniform set of accounting standards, as a part of the international convergence of financial reporting systems, is perceived as a very complex, time consuming and difficult task. The trend of international convergence and harmonization policy of private sector accounting and financial reporting standards has also made the influence on the process of entire public sector reform that has been progressing worldwide. According to Ball (2006), since accounting is shaped by economic and political factors, harmonization of accounting standards and practices is almost an inevitable consequence of the increasing integration of markets and policies. This has been witnessed by the mandatory adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in several countries in the last decade. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is a private organization of international scope established in 1973. It has issued a set of standards to be used when preparing financial statements, namely 41 International Accounting Standards (IAS) and 13 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IAS are standards issued by the IASB by 2001 and IFRS are standards issued after that year. Nevertheless, currently, the expression IFRS is commonly used alone to designate this set of rules (IAS and IFRS). This IFRS adoption worldwide is a significant economic transformation and it gave rise to a major line of research. This paper reviews the empirical literature on the effects of IFRS adoption on financial management and economic transformation with the focus on Cameroon. Empirical research allows evaluating the impact of changing standards on the financial reporting quality, as well as the effects of such a change on the capital market (Douala Stock Exchange), it can also contribute to understanding the factors that influence the consequences of change. This knowledge is important for regulators in Cameroon that are preparing to change standards, but also for national regulators that have already done it when considering ways to improve IFRS implementation. This paper will revisit some cases studies encouraging the implementation of IFRS and IPSAS worldwide and attempt to domesticate the concepts in Cameroon. The first part provides the rationale of IFRS and IPSAS implementation, while the second part gives some international cases studies on IFRS implementation. The last part of the paper gives a roadmap for effective and efficient implementation of IFRS in Cameroon.

In today’s business climate, financial statements disclosed by firms have huge impacts on the society. Financial statements are heavily used by shareholders, creditors, labor unions and government authorities to assess a firm’s financial position, performance and viability. Past experiences show that the reliable and accurate accounting information enables financial market participants to make more rational decisions. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) play a vital role in the preparation of financial statements. The adoption of IFRS has a huge impact on the financial statement elements; assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. International Financial Reporting Standards contribute to create a business climate that enables investors to make more rational and accurate investment decision. Epstein (2009) asserts that IFRS adoption results in higher financial reporting quality. International authorities such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) encourage the adoption of IFRS to advance effectiveness of financial markets, which in turn may spark the economic growth of adopting countries (Wyatt and Yospe, 1993). Ball (2008) pointed out that financial reporting is one of the most important economic activities. Further, Li and Shroff (2010) declare that high-quality accounting information enables the management of a firm to make much more effective investment decisions, translating into high growth rate of economy. A major driver for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption by countries is the desire to integrate into the global economy. Some of previous research studies show that the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards has a positive impact on the economic growth. The adoption of IFRS has positive impacts on international trade and significantly enhances the comparability of financial statements prepared by firms from different countries. Samuels and Piper (1985) stated that the adoption of IFRS has a great potential to facilitate global trade activities. The objective of this paper is to contribute the existing literature on the association between IFRS implementation and economic growth within countries. To achieve the above, a thorough literature review will be conducted with the objectives of developing effective mechanisms for IFRS implementation. In this regard, the paper argued that CEMAC government authorities and regional business organizations should make persistent efforts to enforce IFRS.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the quantitative impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on accounting components. IFRS 1 requires IFRS adopter firms to prepare comparative information under IFRS and under local GAAP, which is termed as IFRS-Local GAAP (e.g., IFRS-UK GAAP for the UK) reconciliation statement. This statement shows every accounting line item (in all financial statements) under two accounting systems for the same accounting period, which helps us to know the differences between local GAAP and IFRS. Analysing 1153 Australian listed firms’ reconciliation statements, this study documents that investment value is 35.38 percent higher in IFRS relating to investment value under local GAAP. Financial assets are shown 28.48 percent higher in IFRS relating to financial assets under local GAAP; goodwill is valued 22.60 percent higher in IFRS relating to goodwill value under local GAAP. On the other hand, retained earnings decrease by 23.3 percent under IFRS compared to retained earnings under local GAAP. More importantly, net income increases by 5.64 percent under IFRS compared to those under local GAAP. The findings of this study suggest that IFRS affects significantly accounting components which indicates the value relevance of IFRS. In addition, this study shows the importance of understanding the differences between local accounting standards and international accounting standards. This study will also be beneficial for investors, decision makers, preparers of financial statements, and other users of accounting information. More importantly, this study will be useful to those countries planning to adopt or in the process of adopting international accounting standards (e.g., Indonesia, Japan).

This study investigates the underlying factors contributing to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in Nigeria. The diversity of responses to IFRS adoption is a phenomenon that requires empirical investigation to understand the reasons why some companies adopt IFRS other do not. Previous studies have investigated preparers of financial statements’ compliance with IFRS. However, there is a dearth of research on the influence of cultural factors on IFRS adoption. Little has heretofore been done to examine cultural variables as determinants of IFRS adoption. This study applies a self-administered survey instrument to elicit data from four major cities in Nigeria. The analysis involves applied logistic regression to estimate the relationship between the covariates and the companies’ decisions to adopt IFRS. The results indicate companies’ professionalism, transparency, flexibility, secrecy, uniformity and statutory control are significant factors impacting IFRS adoption at different magnitudes. For example, a company that considers IFRS will increase the level of financial statements transparency is more likely to maintain some levels of secrecy. The study identifies that IFRS adoption can only be successful when accountants develop the relevant technical expertise in IFRS requirements prior to the implementation. Consequently, there is a need for more practical training in IFRS accounting valuation, recognition, measurement and disclosure of financial information to users of financial statements.

There exist debates on whether task complexity significantly influences on information seeking performance. This poster conducted a meta-analysis to explore whether objective and subjective task complexities significantly affect information searching performance measured by time. Result shows there is a significant correlation between task complexity and time performance. Objective task complexity has a highly negative effect on time performance, while subjective task complexity has a moderately negative effect on it. As for the effect of objective task complexity on time performance, the study samples are homogeneous. However, they are heterogeneous on the effect of subjective task complexity on time.

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in different countries of the world have become a contemporary issue particularly with regard to the reliability of financial reports. The conceptual and empirical examination of the IFRS adoption and financial reporting quality across different sectors and countries. The study established that some studies used positive approach and some used positive paradigm. Studies used either of primary or secondary source of data, while some used mixed approach. The study found that IFRS adoption are determined by comparing the parameters concerned between pre and post IFRS regimes in given jurisdictions. The review concept and empirical evidences of IFRS adoption and financial reporting quality from many countries reveals that economic consequences of IFRS adoption significantly differ across jurisdictions though its impact has been reported to be positive in majority of studies. Also, few studies report indifferent and negative effects of IFRS adoption on financial reporting quality. The study found that it is argued that IFRS is more financial position focused. It is also observed that the impact of mandatory adoption of IFRS tends to be greater disputed than that caused by voluntary IFRS adoption. In addition, IFRS adoption are found to supersede many other domestic financial reporting standards such as Statement of Accounting Standard (SAS) in Nigeria.

Stock Market Reaction to Elimination of the Reconciliation from IFRS to U.S. GAAP in the USA

We analyze the evolution of the relationship between tax and financial reporting in Italy after the mandatory introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2005. Italy represents an interesting case study among European countries, with domestic generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) oriented towards creditor protection and characterized by a close connection of financial and tax accounting. Unusually, the adoption of IFRS is compulsory for the unconsolidated financial statements of listed companies, but the process of alignment of domestic GAAP to IFRS, that has affected some countries, has had little effect on Italy. Thus, two accounting systems, IFRS and Italian GAAP, are used for the preparation of unconsolidated financial statements by different categories of companies and, as a consequence, two different linkages between tax and financial reporting emerge. In order to assess the degree and the direction of the book-tax linkages we use the methodology developed by Lamb, Nobes and Roberts (1998. International variations in the connections between tax and financial reporting, Accounting and Business Research, 28(3), pp. 173–188). IFRS and tax reporting show a high degree of disconnection, while Italian GAAP, in line with the accounting tradition of most continental European countries, are closely related to tax rules. The analysis points out a rapidly evolving situation, with links between accounting systems and taxation becoming tighter, mainly because of the changes in tax law introduced during the last few years.

Book Reviews

This essay accesses the use of professional judgements in the preparation and implementation of international financial reporting standards by preparers of financial statements. The article samples some domains of professional judgement in financial reporting contained in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (2018) and selected IAS/IFRS to demonstrate how judgement is exercised in the preparation and presentation of principles-based standards. The sampled domains or action areas for the exercise of professional judgement are going concern, materiality, accruals accounting, accounting policies, presentation/disclosure, measurements, estimates, recognition/de-recognition, classifications and revenue recognition. From the analyses of these domains, the essay concludes that (i) the exercise of professional judgement is a sine qua non in the implementation of IFRSs; and by extension, the ability to exercise professional judgement is not only the key skill for preparers of PBS-based financial statements; it is also the hallmark of an accounting professional.