Editorial Transition: Embracing Innovation and Global Collaboration

Recent studies on innovation portray traditional approaches to innovation, wherein firms focus solely on their centralized Research and Development team in their pursuit and creation of innovation, as fast becoming outdated; bringing about the need to rethink the way firms managed innovation. This study was motivated by the need to understand the strategies and practices used by firms that have achieved greater success in their collaborative innovative efforts, and how this gave them a competitive advantage, using Nigerian Breweries Plc., as a case study. The research objectives are to: ascertain ways of measuring and developing innovation capabilities for business growth; provide an insight into the concept of global innovative collaboration and how it leads to organizational efficiency; and find out how an effective collaborative network can enhance innovativeness as a springboard for attaining competitive advantage. The research design adopted was the survey method. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire; our hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square, and our respondents comprise of the Management staff, and other category of workers at Nigerian Breweries Plc., which resulted in the following findings: that Nigerian Breweries Plc. was able to achieve efficiency and an immense growth in business by developing adequate collaborative innovative capabilities which have positive impact on the competitive advantage of the organisation. Therefore, the effective collaborative innovative network is the springboard of Nigerian Breweries Plc.’s attainment of competitive advantage; and a corporate collaborative innovation environment helps reinforce and amplify employee morale, build leadership and career opportunities by helping employees work better together. It was concluded that, collaborative innovation is an effective and efficient way to achieve competitive advantage. It is recommended that organisations should, critically assess their collaborative innovation strategies alongside those of other players in preparing for collaboration, tactfully address the issue of trust, focus on efficient use of firm’s resources, and continually foster an organisational climate that promotes the processes of collaborative innovation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed modern technology by interconnecting devices and systems, improving efficiency and functionality across various domains. However, its rapid expansion has also introduced significant security vulnerabilities, necessitating the development of robust intrusion detection systems (IDS) to counter evolving cyber threats. Despite advancements in IDS research, particularly through deep learning integration, a systematic bibliometric analysis assessing global research trends, key contributors, and collaboration networks remains lacking. This study addresses that gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of IDS for IoT using deep learning, focusing on articles published between 2016 and 2024 in the Scopus database. It examines global research trends, keyword co-occurrences, publication patterns, citation dynamics, and international collaborations, offering a comprehensive overview of the field. The findings indicate a significant rise in IDS research, with India, China, the United States, and Saudi Arabia emerging as leading contributors and collaborators. The analysis also highlights influential authors and institutions driving advancements in deep learning for IoT security. Keyword analysis reveals the prominence of terms such as "machine learning," "deep learning," and "intrusion detection," underscoring the field’s focus on artificial intelligence for IoT security. This bibliometric study enhances the understanding of research dynamics in IDS for IoT, identifies gaps for future exploration, and provides valuable insights to drive innovation and global collaboration in this critical area of cybersecurity.

This study investigates the transformation of higher education in Europe through the integration of digital learning, research innovation, and global collaboration. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected from 120 respondents across 20 higher education institutions, while qualitative insights were obtained from 30 semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 27, and the qualitative data were coded and thematically examined with NVivo 12. The SPSS analysis revealed that digital learning accessibility (M = 4.45, SD = 0.52) and student engagement (M = 4.32, SD = 0.48) strongly correlate with innovation in teaching and research (r = .68, p < .01) and global collaboration (r = .74, p < .01). These findings indicate that institutions with advanced digital infrastructure and strong engagement strategies are more likely to participate in cross-border academic networks and interdisciplinary research. The NVivo 12 thematic analysis identified five major themes: (1) digital transformation in learning, (2) research innovation, (3) global collaboration, (4) institutional support, and (5) challenges of digital equity. Participants emphasized that digitalization has expanded access, improved pedagogical innovation, and strengthened global partnerships, though disparities in technological readiness remain across institutions. The integration of both analyses confirms that Europe’s higher education system is undergoing a holistic transformation technological, pedagogical, and institutional toward a globally connected and inclusive digital education ecosystem. These results underscore the importance of sustained digital investment and policy alignment to ensure equitable participation in global higher education.

Against the backdrop of in-depth globalization, global innovation collaboration has emerged as a crucial methodology for countries to break through boundaries in innovation and secure technological gains. Governments of various countries (regions) have regarded global innovation collaboration as a strategic priority increasingly, seeking global scale resources and enthusiastically participating in global innovation networks (GINs). This study characterizes the structural features of GINs and examines their positive impact on the Global Value Chain (GVC). Specific reference is made to manufacturing industries. The results demonstrate that both the embedding breadth and the embedding depth of GINs significantly enhance the GVC position in manufacturing industries. Furthermore, the results show developed economies exhibit a pronounced improvement in manufacturing GVC positions, while developing economies face persistent risks like “low-end lock-in”. To further investigate the heterogeneous effects of GINs embeddedness on developed and developing economies, this study introduces a new interaction term between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and GINs embeddedness. The results reveal that strengthened IPR protection enhances the manufacturing GVC position in developed economies significantly, while it suppresses the manufacturing GVC upgrading in developing economies. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of GINs’ impact and provide actionable insights for developing economies to design innovation collaboration strategies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-13395-4.

The deep integration of AI and immunotherapy is reshaping the paradigm of cancer diagnosis and treatment. From biomarker discovery to personalised treatment, from adverse reaction warnings to empowering grassroots communities, despite bottlenecks such as data silos, algorithm transparency, and ethical controversies, the technical potential of AI has already begun to emerge. This paper examines the evolution of global AI medical device policies and product release trends over the past decade, identifying the issues and challenges posed by the current regulatory landscape, including: first, the structural imbalance between the regulatory system and the rate of technological innovation; second, the double-standardisation dilemma between risk classification and clinical validation; and third, the ethical paradox of data governance and algorithmic transparency. The challenges faced include: first, Technology Fusion: AI at the Crossroads with Synthetic Biology and Nanotechnology. Second, Algorithm Transparency and Ethical Paradox. Third, In-Depth Application of Regulatory Technology. Fourth, Collaborative Innovation in Industrial Ecology. Based on this, this paper provides systematic recommendations for addressing the regulation of AI medical devices: first, Building a Dynamic Adaptive Technology Supervision System. Second, Perfecting the Full Life Cycle Clinical Evidence Chain. Third, Create an Open and Collaborative Industrial Innovation Ecosystem. Fourth, Deepen International Regulatory Coordination and Cooperation. Recommendations for the regulation of AI medical devices in the field of immunotherapy: First, Multi-Modality Imaging and Treatment Integrated Platform. Second, Intelligent Empowerment of Primary Care. Third, Global Collaboration and Data Sharing.

A groundbreaking Round Table Discussion took place on October 9, 2023, at the Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, which gathered leaders from the public health institutions in India. The event's main goal was to discuss the changing terrain of public health education in India by emphasizing reforms in the curriculum, promoting partnerships, and embracing advancements. The methodology adopted for the Round Table was participatory, with three thematic sessions: (1) Historical Foundations and Present Challenges, (2) Opportunities for Domestic and Global Collaboration, and (3) The Role of Innovative Technologies in Shaping Future Educational Paradigms. The event emphasized inclusive communication, collective intelligence, and strategic planning. Interactive presentations and group discussions promoted diverse viewpoints, creating the collaborative atmosphere conducive to innovation in public health education. Discussions emphasized the development of public health education in India, shifting from a medical-centric model to an interdisciplinary approach. Challenges encompassed were lack of uniform accreditation, fragmented curricula, and inadequate global health exposure. The deliberation also pointed to opportunities such as creating competency-based curricula, leveraging digital tools, and nurturing international collaborations. Delegates highlighted the need to integrate social sciences and technology into public health programs and enhance faculty development. The Round Table concluded that India's present public health education system needs significant improvement to realize global standards. Digital innovation, interdisciplinary education, and more rigorous systems of accreditation were identified among the factors facilitating this change. Establishing a national public health education consortium was proposed to promote collaboration and resource sharing, positioning India as the global public health education leader.

This chapter looks at learning through global collaboration I have been involved in or witnessed as well as explores practices that can enhance innovation for success in addressing complex challenges we face in the twenty‐first century.

able consumption has become a strategic issue in economic research due to the increasing urgency of environmental crises, climate change, and shifts in consumer behavior toward more responsible consumption patterns. These complex challenges highlight the need for a comprehensive scientific mapping to understand research trends, allocation patterns, and conceptual developments in this field. This study aims to examine research trends, allocation patterns, and implications related to sustainable consumption in economics in order to identify future research directions and strengthen theoretical contributions. The study applies a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA framework to systematically identify and select relevant studies. A total of 174 articles indexed in the Scopus database were analyzed. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to map global academic collaboration networks, research clusters, and thematic developments. The findings indicate that sustainable consumption continues to hold strong research significance and future relevance, driven by the urgency of environmental crises and evolving consumer behavior. The global academic collaboration map is dominated by European countries, with a primary focus on developing quantitatively measurable evaluation models. The literature also emphasizes the need for standardizing comprehensive evaluation metrics, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA). Theoretically, future research should prioritize the standardization and integration of evaluation metrics to strengthen the validity and comparability of sustainable consumption measurements. Practically, the implementation of a circular economy system requires technological innovation and cross-sector collaboration to bridge the gap between consumer attitudes and actual sustainable consumption behavior

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify key topics in the scientific literature on sustainable logistics, reveal important interdisciplinary relationships and identify leading researchers in the sector. The relationship between these emerging structures and also the correct understanding of the structures that will evolve in the future is of great importance for the strategic decision-making processes of companies. Design/methodology/approach In the study prepared for this purpose, the Web of Science (WoS) data have been used. It addresses the use of advanced methods such as social network analysis (SNA) and techmining in sustainable transportation and logistics. While SNA focuses on identifying interdisciplinary collaborations and key actors in the scientific world by examining the relationships and interactions between scientific publications, technology mining is used to understand innovative trends and technological developments in this field by extracting technological terms and concepts in scientific texts. SNA highlights the connections between these topics, whereas technology mining is used to uncover new technological trends and innovative solutions. Findings In this study, the researchers focused on a wide range of issues in the fields of logistics and transportation. The findings on logistics, sustainability, supply chain management, machine learning, COVID-19 impacts, the role of China and India, artificial intelligence, innovation, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, uncertainty and case studies reveal a multi-faceted structure. Also, it can be seen that significant emphasis is placed on the complexity of logistics processes. While the association of high aggregate constraints appears to concentrate a significant cumulative importance on certain aspects of logistics, it can be said that these concepts point to potentially critical operational elements. Research limitations/implications The authors did use only WoS records to reach their aim. This study can be extended with other major databases such as Scopus. Practical implications SNA mode and structural hole analysis enable clear visualization of cluster separations and uncover gaps in networks where connections are sparse. By identifying structural holes, researchers can bridge disconnected clusters, fostering collaboration and innovation through the integration of diverse perspectives. Low aggregate constraint values highlight niche topics, supporting deeper exploration and specialized research. Structural hole analysis further identifies key nodes that act as brokers, enhancing connectivity and resource flow. Together, these methods optimize networks, uncover untapped opportunities and contribute to a detailed understanding of research landscapes, driving targeted innovations and impactful advancements in specialized fields. Social implications The study’s findings highlight significant social implications by emphasizing sustainability, collaboration and technological innovation in transportation and logistics. Insights into global collaborations and contributions of key players like China and India underscore the importance of international partnerships in addressing complex challenges. With the integration of machine learning, IoT and blockchain enhances efficiency, transparency and resilience in logistics systems, benefiting societies by improving supply chain reliability. In addition, the focus on sustainability and support strategies for crisis adaptation and long-term resilience, fostering equitable development. Originality/value The authors combined SNA, bibliometrics and machine learning to see collaborations and technological innovations in transportation and logistics. The authors can identify the global collaborations and contributions of key players to underscore the importance of international partnerships in addressing complex challenges.

The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing: Best practices for users of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution to address specific aspects of emergency management systems by providing a decentralized and distributed ledger infrastructure that enhances data immutability, transparency, and traceability. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of blockchain applications in emergency management covering the period from 2017 to 2024 and based on 248 research articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. The analysis examines collaboration networks, co-citation patterns, citation bursts, and keyword trends to uncover key research clusters and emerging themes. Seven major clusters were identified, with their intellectual core built around influential publications that highlight blockchain’s role in improving transparency, efficiency, and trust in emergency response systems. The findings emphasize the growing impact of blockchain technology in enhancing preparedness and resilience during crises while identifying gaps in global collaboration and interdisciplinary innovation.

Since its identification in 1981, HIV has posed a global public health challenge, witnessing transformative advancements in treatment and prevention. This review summarizes recent novel therapeutic and preventive approaches for long-term HIV control, management, and elimination, and how global collaboration and technological innovations may advance HIV control efforts. This study highlights the progress and challenges in HIV treatment, emphasizing the effectiveness of current antiretroviral therapy (ART) in suppressing viral replication, reducing transmission, and preventing end-organ damage. However, adherence remains a significant barrier due to pill burden, side effects, and psychosocial factors affecting patients. ART-related toxicities include neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disorders, and neuropsychiatric effects. Long-acting ART (LA-ART) offers a promising alternative to daily dosing; however, challenges such as injection site reactions persist. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have shown enhanced efficacy in viral suppression and immune response activation, offering potential for treatment and vaccine design. Innovative gene-editing tools, such as CRISPR–Cas systems, are being explored for their ability to excise or silence proviral DNA; however, their clinical application is limited by off-target effects and delivery challenges. Latency-targeting strategies like “shock and kill” and “block and lock” remain experimental with limited clinical success, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer targeted, sustained, and less toxic treatment options. Despite the challenges posed by the virus's rapid mutation rate and immune evasion mechanisms, novel vaccine approaches, such as mRNA technology, vector-based platforms, and epitope-targeting strategies, are being explored. In addition, artificial intelligence and machine learning are enhancing the design of vaccines, predictive modeling, and fast-tracking progress in this area. Socio-economic bottlenecks in HIV control, such as stigma, gender disparities, and inequitable healthcare access, exacerbate the epidemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Enhancing global collaboration, providing sustainable funding, and integrating emerging and innovative technologies are critical for advancing HIV prevention and management. Achieving an AIDS-free generation and ultimately eliminating the epidemic will depend on effectively addressing the social, structural, and scientific barriers that hinder progress in this regard.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02120352, NCT02938520, NCT03639311, NCT03497676, NCT03635788

BackgroundAirway stents are indispensable tools in interventional pulmonology for treating central airway obstruction. From early silicone stents to today’s biodegradable and three-dimensional (3D)-printed devices, design advances have broadened clinical applications. Nonetheless, migration, granulation, and infection remain frequent complications, which justifies continued investigation. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of airway stent research. It examined the 100 most-cited articles and examined publication trends, leading contributors, collaboration and co-citation networks, and keyword evolution to map the field’s development.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science Core Collection [2009–2025] for English-language articles on “airway stents”, identifying 1,150 records. The 100 most-cited articles were selected for analysis. We evaluated publication output over time, national and institutional contributions, authorship patterns, co-citation clusters, and keyword co-occurrence.ResultsAnnual output peaked in 2010, remained steady throughout the 2010s, and declined during 2020–2022, likely due to pandemic-related disruptions. The United States produced the most highly cited papers (n=28), followed by China (n=19) and the leading European nations (~11 each). Harvard University generated the highest number of influential papers. A small group of prolific authors (e.g., Hervé Dutau, Armin Ernst) produced numerous high-impact studies and formed tight collaborative clusters that bridged North America and Europe. Co-citation analysis highlighted classic references—particularly Saad [2003] and Dumon [1990]—as central hubs linking diverse studies. Keyword evolution showed a transition from early interests in airway obstruction and silicone stents to recent priorities such as 3D-printed, biodegradable, and drug-eluting stents. This shift marks the field’s movement from simple palliation toward advanced, patient-specific airway reconstruction.ConclusionsThis bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of three decades of airway stenting research. It shows how global collaboration and technological innovation have propelled the field forward. Our findings highlight achievements and remaining gaps. They underscore the need for multicenter collaboration, long-term outcome studies, and continued development of novel stent technologies to improve patient care.

Understanding the human brain—arguably the most complex structure in the known universe—has long been a goal of science, medicine, and philosophy. Recent technological advancements have made the ambitious task of brain mapping more plausible than ever before. This essay explores the multidimensional approach needed to map the brain, emphasizing the roles of neuroimaging technologies, computational modeling, genetics, and artificial intelligence. It argues that while we are making rapid progress, truly mapping the human brain requires not just technical precision but also ethical mindfulness, global collaboration, and interdisciplinary innovation. Brain mapping is not only a scientific journey but also a humanistic one, requiring us to ask who we are and how our minds work.

In an era of escalating environmental challenges, this research explores the complex role of central banks in the promotion of green finance. Employing a mixed-methods approach and focusing on case studies involving the European Central Bank, the People’s Bank of China, and the Federal Reserve, the study offers a nuanced understanding of the divergent strategies and challenges facing central banks. Despite political and technological hurdles, central banks have significant opportunities for financial innovation and global collaboration. Key policy implications include the need for holistic policy integration, enhanced transparency and disclosure protocols, and international cooperation. Recommendations for future research span longitudinal impact assessment, comparative financial instrument analysis, and exploring socio-economic variables. The study accentuates the transformative capacity of central banks in fostering a sustainable future, concluding that they have not only the capability but also the ethical obligation to lead this transition.