Editorial. ¿Por qué la coedición? Publicación colaborativa de revistas académicas en el campo de las ciencias humanas y sociales

Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America: A Roadmap to Address Data Collection, Knowledge Gaps, and Challenges.

Obispos de la Patria Grande. Pastores, profetas y mártires, edited by Ana María Bidegain

Objetivo: examinar las características de la producción científica en América Latina y el Caribe sobre simulación virtual en educación en enfermería. Método: estudio bibliométrico realizado en cinco etapas: diseño de la Investigación, compilación de datos bibliométricos, análisis, visualización e interpretación; en informe basado en las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Bibliometric Analysis (PRIBA). Búsqueda realizada en Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). Para el análisis bibliométrico se utilizó VOSviewer versión 1.6.20. Para interpretar datos se aplicaron las Leyes de Bradford y Zipf, considerando la dinámica temporal de publicaciones, abordaje analítico de la estructura de los estudios seleccionados y sus repercusiones en la simulación virtual de la enseñanza de enfermería en América Latina y el Caribe. Resultados: fueron hallados 579 estudios, 46 de ellos integraron la muestra final. Los estudios incluidos fueron publicados entre 1994 y 2022, y solo Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Cuba realizaron investigaciones relacionadas con la simulación virtual. El mapa semántico dio como resultado cinco clusters, destacándose “entrenamiento simulado” como el término más fuerte. Conclusión: existe una tendencia creciente en el desarrollo de estudios relacionados con la simulación virtual en la educación en enfermería en América Latina y el Caribe.

O artigo discute a formação docente no contexto da reforma do Estado no Brasil, articulada às recomendações dos organismos internacionais para a Educação no início do século XXI. Para tanto, utiliza-se do conceito de Agenda Globalmente Estruturada para a Educação (AGEE), proposto por Roger Dale. Esse conceito permite pensar sobre tais reformas, apreendendo-as na dinâmica estabelecida entre países centrais e países periféricos no interior da divisão internacional do trabalho. A análise incide sobre três grandes projetos para a Educação na América Latina e Caribe: o Proyecto Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe - PREALC -, patrocinado pela UNESCO; o Plan de Cooperación, resultante das Cumbre Iberoamericana de Educación, patrocinadas pela OEI; e os Proyectos hemisféricos en educación, patrocinados pela OEA. Privilegia-se, neste artigo, o modo pelo qual essas organizações procuram construir o professor como protagonista e, ao mesmo tempo, como obstáculo à reforma educacional, desqualificando-o teórica e politicamente. Procura-se evidenciar que, no corpus documental dos organismos indicados, dois conceitos são fundamentais para a compreensão da reforma da formação: profissionalização e gerencialismo. A centralidade atribuída a ambos tem em vista ampliar o controle sobre a categoria do magistério e sua potencial capacidade de opor-se às reformas e ao Estado. Corrobora-se a tese de que a reforma educacional tem pouco a ver com questões propriamente educativas e muito mais com a busca de uma nova governabilidade da Educação pública.

La producción de energía genera la mayor parte de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) porque la matriz energética mundial se basa, predominantemente, en combustibles fósiles. En este contexto, las tecnologías de valorización energética de residuos (WtE por sus siglas en inglés) pueden representar una opción para una transición hacia sistemas energéticos bajos en carbono, ya que la utilización de los RSU (residuos sólidos urbanos) como combustible alternativo, podría ayudar a reducir las emisiones de GEI. En los países emergentes, las WtE se aplican en plantas piloto o pequeñas instalaciones y el principal destino de los RSU son los rellenos sanitarios. En las megaciudades latinoamericanas, las preocupaciones ambientales relacionadas con los rellenos sanitarios han llevado a nuevas regulaciones que incluyen al uso de residuos como fuentes de energía alternativa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las barreras y oportunidades para la implementación de las tecnologías WtE en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), a través de indicadores basados ​​en aspectos técnicos, económicos y ambientales, sintetizados en tres índices y evaluados mediante un análisis FODA. Los resultados mostraron que las tecnologías WtE que utilizan desechos orgánicos tienen algunas oportunidades, mientras que las tecnologías termoquímicas deberían superar barreras económicas y técnicas, como la separación en origen y la recolección diferenciada de RSU.
 
 Abstract
 Energy production generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions because the world energy matrix is based predominantly on fossil fuels. In this context, waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies may represent an option for a transition to low-carbon energy systems as the use of MSW (municipal solid waste) as an alternative fuel could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In emerging countries, WtE are applied in pilot plants or small facilities and the main destination of MSW is landfills. In Latin American megacities, environmental concerns related to landfills have led to new regulations involving the use of waste as alternative energy sources. This article aims to analyze the barriers and opportunities for the implementation of WtE technologies in Latin America and the Caribbean through indicators based on technical, economic, and environmental aspects, synthesized in three indices, and evaluated through a SWOT analysis. Results show that WtE technologies using organic waste have some opportunities, while thermochemical technologies should overcome economic and technical barriers such as source separation and differentiated MSW collection.

With the aim of contributing to the design of evidence-based public health policies in Latin America and the Caribbean and giving special consideration to patient or health service user perspectives, between 2012 and 2014 the Inter-American Development Bank carried out the Primary Care Access, Experience and Coordination Survey in Latin America and the Caribbean, in adult populations in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador, Panama and Jamaica. More detail about the motivations, conceptual framework, and detailed methodology of the survey can be found the publication “Desde el paciente: Experiencias de la atencion primaria de salud en America Latina y el Caribe” (in Spanish). Primary Healthcare Access, Experience, and Coordination in Latin America and the Caribbean is a dataset of 9,012 observations, that merges the three waves of data collection in the survey, conducted between 2012 and 2014 in: Colombia and Mexico; Brazil and El Salvador; and Panama and Jamaica.

To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elders in Latin America and the Caribbean and among elderly Mexican-Americans in the southwestern United States. Data for the study came from a project called Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento en América Latina y el Caribe) (the "SABE project") (surveys from seven cities, with a total of 9,765 subjects) and from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (H-EPESE) (1,483 subjects). The overall prevalence of falls across the seven SABE cities and the H-EPESE ranged from 21.6% in Bridgetown, Barbados, to 34.0% in Santiago, Chile. In multiple logistic regression analyses, female gender, increased age, high depressive symptoms, and having any functional limitations were significant independent risk factors for falls in most of the cities studied as well as among the elderly Mexican-Americans. In several of the cities, significant risk factors also included diabetes, urinary incontinence, and arthritis. The prevalence of falls had a large variation among the countries studied. Some of the risk factors that we identified could be modified so as to help prevent falls in older people in these populations. The factors deserving attention include depressive symptoms, functional limitations, diabetes, and urinary incontinence.

The principal aim of this paper is to describe the socio-economic context in which the topic of processed complementary feeding in Latin America should be examined. Data from CEPAL (Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe) and from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) are used to review global trends in urban poverty and malnutrition in the region. The phenomena that are unique to urban life and that are likely to have an impact on child-care and feeding practices are reviewed using data from DHS for six Latin American countries. The issues examined include the higher levels of education and of labour force participation of urban women, the larger percentage of women who head households, and the potentially different family structure and social networks, which may affect the availability of substitute child care. Urban and rural differences in breastfeeding and complementary feeding patterns are also examined to improve our understanding of the potential constraints and opportunities for the promotion of processed complementary foods in Latin America. Programmatic issues that need to be considered in designing and targeting such interventions in largely urbanized Latin America are also discussed.

Since the sixteenth century, one of the most important agricultural commodities produced and exported from Latin America and the Caribbean has been sugar. Historians such as Horacio Crespo (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos) have dedicated a significant portion of their professional careers to analyzing the impact of sugar on the economic and social history of the region. The inception of El azúcar en América Latina y el Caribe dates to a January 1985 symposium hosted by the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Scholarly interest in sugar, especially the relationship between the regulation of the international sugar market and state intervention in its production, was reinvigorated in October 2004 at an economic history conference hosted by the Universidad Autónoma de México. Many of the scholars who participated in the 1985 symposium attended the 2004 conference two decades later. With considerable encouragement from academic and governmental sectors, Crespo decided to coordinate the publishing of the papers presented at the two academic encounters. The result is an invaluable collection of 22 essays divided into three geographic units — the Caribbean, South America, and Mexico — that examines both major and minor producers.Unlike many previous studies, which merely detail the development of the sugar industry and its economic and political impact, the authors here devote significant attention to five previously neglected areas of historical inquiry: the effects of technology on the sugar industry; state control and regulation; the sugar industry’s influence on the development of the national economy; workers in the sugar industry; and international factors in the Latin American sugar industries. What emerges is a more complete understanding of the immense importance of sugar to Latin America. Significantly, the authors dispel the notion championed by dependency theorists that Latin Americans were the helpless victims of international capitalism.The impact of technology on the development of Latin American sugar industries at the end of the nineteenth century is viewed in case studies of Peru, a major producer, and Argentina, a minor one. Michael J. Gonzales (University of Northern Illinois) reveals that technological change in the Peruvian sugar industry resulted in “the concentration of export production in a dozen large plantations” (p. 285). Donna J. Guy (Ohio State University) explains that the effects of technological change were limited in Argentina and that the sugar industry virtually disappeared during the 1930s. Oscar Zanetti Lecuona (Instituto de Historia de Cuba) investigates state control and regulation of the Cuban sugar industry, specifically during the 1920s and the subsequent Great Depression. Crespo’s examination of Mexican sugar production during the Porfiriato reveals that sugar production, although greatly expanded, was not a significant component of the external market. Compared to other Mexican exports, such as minerals, during that period, sugar exports were “extremely modest” (p. 488). Nevertheless, the sugar industry was an example of viable national economic development during the Porfiriato.Often, the workers are the most neglected component of economic history. Many of the authors in this collection, however, attempt to reddress the situation. For example, Sabine Manigat Chancy (Université Quisqueya) examines labor migration and the formation of a sugar worker proletariat in the Caribbean in the aftermath of the abolishment of slavery. International factors such as European beet production, consumer demand, foreign quotas, and foreign investment in Latin American sugar industries are addressed by many of the authors. Andrés A. Ramos Mattei (Universidad de Puerto Rico) examines the expansion of the Puerto Rican sugar industry in the aftermath of U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War. The book concludes with an essay by José Antonio Cerro (Universidad Iberoamericana), who elaborates on recent trends in the international sugar industry. Cerro points out that the international sugar market was drastically changed during the 1970s by increased production and the advent of artificial sweeteners.El azúcar en América Latina y el Caribe is a well-crafted collection of essays supported by a plethora of charts and data that should be the model for future studies of commodity history in Latin America. For those interested in the impact of commodities on history, this book provides clear insights into the role of sugar in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Publicación trimestral del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, incorporada al Índice de Revistas Mexicanas de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica del ConsejoNacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt) y a los siguientes índices, resúmenes y bases de datos:Fuentes que indizan la revista: Citas Latinoamericanas en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (CLASE); CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts; Dialnet; Google Scholar; Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS); Hispanic American Periodicals Index (hapi); Índice de Revistas de Educación Superior e Investigación Educativa (IRESIE); Internationale Bibliographie der Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenliteratur; Social Services Abstracts; Sociological Abstracts; Scopus (2011- ); Scielo Citation Index.Directorios donde se encuentra la revista: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); Sistema Regional de Información en línea para revistas científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal (Latindex); Ulrich’s Periodical Directory; Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico (Redib).Fuentes que incluyen el texto completo de la revista: JSTOR; E-Journal; Redalyc (Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe); Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online); Portal de Revistas Científicas y Arbitradas de la UNAM.

Bibliography

In the past dozen years, the Internet has become a major source of information for modern social and economic history. Given the overwhelming abundance of these sources, it is useful for researchers who want to take advantage of these data to have finding guides, in the style of the older guides prepared for individual archives. It is our aim in this first essay to provide such a guide for Internet sources on Brazilian history.The primary material now available on the Web tends to be of the highest quality. Although much qualitative material produced directly for the Web is of dubious reliability, most of the statistical and graphic materials available were generated by the agencies that gather and produce this material for Brazil and are the same as those available in print. Often, the data provided are more complete than can be obtained in any print-based archive. One potential problem with using Web materials is determining the source of data, in order to judge its quality. International agencies, foreign governments, and NGOs are involved in producing social and economic data on Brazil. Much of this information is usually of the same high quality as that generated by Brazilian government agencies; the data is either generated by these non-Brazilian government agencies or taken directly from the primary Brazilian producing institutions. In some cases, secondary agencies such as the UN’s FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) provide more detailed information than Brazilian governmental sources. But in some cases, as with the World Bank and some other UN agencies, these data may conflict with information produced in Brazil, either because they have used Brazilian data that is out-of-date or rely on their own estimates, which may not be as accurate as the most current governmental statistics. In these cases, we recommend relying on the original Brazilian materials.It should be stressed that the Brazilian government, at all levels and across its various agencies, maintains these Web sites free or charge to all users, with no need to register, obtain a subscription, or pay a fee. The only exception is the subscriptions gateway maintained by CAPES, intended for Brazilian scholars who need access to subscription pay sites outside Brazil (http://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br). This open access is not the norm for many European and UN Web sites, which often require formal registration and sometimes charge usage fees. I have included this in my descriptions and suggest access through your local university.In comparison with most other countries, Brazil’s research institutes and government agencies both produce excellent quantitative materials and make them available on the Web. Most Brazilian Web sites offer good search functions, a crucial component of any site, and usually make it easy to download materials in either text, PDF, HTML, or spreadsheet formats (from generic CSV to Excel and Lotus). Maps and other graphic materials are becoming ever more abundant, usually provided in standard graphic compression formats (most often as JPEG or GIF files) or imbedded in PDF files. Almost all governmental Web sites also provide excellent links that can be used to expand the search for materials in other national and international agencies and organizations. Some sites offer a complete gateway (“portal” in Portuguese) that leads in a coherent way to subagencies or institutions within a given area.In providing this guide, we have grouped Web sites into sources that produce the original data and then grouped these and other institutions into broad social and economic categories. In each case we provide the Web site for the institution producing the data. But as anyone who has done Web searches knows, URLs often change or disappear. In these cases we recommend using a search engine such as Google to find the new addresses. Finally, for grammatical reasons, some of the URLs listed below end in a period in this document. But for searching purposes this period should be removed as they are not part of the Internet address.1. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), http://www.ibge.gov.br, the federal government’s national statistical bureau and clearly the single-most important Brazilian institution producing social, economic, and geographical data. IBGE’s site has a very useful links section, with lists of federal, state, and municipal government home pages, as well as federal, state, and municipal university sites. It also contains sources for geographic information and gives URLs for international organizations that provide information relevant to Brazil. Researchers can either download summary tables from the site or, through their special service SIDRA (see below), create their own tables of economic and social information taken from IBGE’s various censuses and surveys of population, the economy, and even of households (the famous PNAD surveys). The ability to generate personalized datasets is a very useful and unusual feature of this site.2. Ministério da Educação, http://www.mec.gov.br, offers general information on education, as well as access to several other important federal government agencies that work in this area, such as Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), the Conselho Nacional de Educação (CFE), the Fundo do Ensino Fundamental (FUNDEF), the Coordenação e Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES), the Fundescola, and the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP).The INEP is the research branch of the ministry, and their site (http://www.inep.gov.br/default.asp) offers a great variety of information, including formal educational censuses.3. Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social (Social Services and Welfare), http://www.mpas.gov.br/#, provides information concerning welfare, work accidents, and even annual census materials related to these themes, especially under the section “Estatísticas.”4. Ministério da Saúde (Health), http://www.datasus.gov.br/, offers data related to public health and other social concerns. The ministry also administers an excellent gateway to all other agencies in Brazil dealing with health: http://portal.saude.gov.br/saude/.5. Banco Central do Brasil, http://www.bacen.gov.br, is a valuable source of primary information on the Brazilian economy that can be accessed through “Sistema Financeiro Nacional” and “Informações Econômicas e Financeiras” and offers general statistics on the economy and financial systems, with dozens of statistical series, short-term economic indicators, and macroeconomic information. The institution also generates numerous publications, including periodicals, special studies, and technical notes. The Central Bank’s data is notable for its quality and frequency. The Central Bank also provides information on the expanding agricultural sector, with statistics relative to various agricultural markets and public and private financing. Finally, it offers a gateway in both English and Portuguese, at http://www.bb.com.br/appbb/portal/index.jsp.6. Ministério da Fazenda (Treasury), http://www.fazenda.gov.br, contains much economic information, including data on the public debt and fiscal information, and an excellent set of links. The ministry also has legislative information, including acts related to the Treasury. Here one can also find copies of all the agreements signed between Brazil and the IMF.7. Caixa Econômica Federal (Federal Savings Bank), http://www.caixa.gov.br; through its “Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço,” the Caixa is the principal source of funding in the areas of Housing and Sanitation. Its site provides qualitative information on its programs, as well as relevant legislation. Unfortunately, the site offers no statistical information.8. Ministério do Planejamento, Controle e Gestão (Planning), http://www.planejamento.gov.br, presents general information concerning long-term federal investments, budget outlays, and principal programs. It also offers information on the relation of the federal government to international agencies and the administration of federal state enterprises. It offers links to a large number of national and international public agencies. The best social and economic research center in Brazil—IPEA—is located within this ministry but is discussed separately below (see section 4.2).9. Ministério da Agricultura, http://www.agricultura.gov.br/, is a very useful site with information on the production and commercialization of agricultural products. It also gives access to dozens of federal and state agencies on agriculture and food supply. A subsection of the ministry is the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), one of the principal research centers in the country, http://www.embrapa.br. The site offers access to the fundamental “Base de Dados da Pesquisa Agropecuária de 2002,” which gives the latest statistical information (http://bdpa.cnptia.embrapa.br). Information on family agriculture can be found at http://gipaf.cnptia.embrapa.br. A virtual library with emphasis on agriculture can be accessed at http://www.sct.embrapa.br/liv/. Here one also finds the “Rede Nacional de Meteorologia,” offering information on climate and agricultural regions: http://masrv54.agricultura.gov.br/rna.10. Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (Labor and Employment), http://www.mte.gov.br, contains information on unemployment insurance, annual employment figures in the private sector, and retirement plans from the Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço (FGTS). The “Estatísticas” section offers statistical materials on themes such as the “Relação Anual de Informações Sociais,” which gives annual data sent by private companies that contract workers. The site also presents employment and unemployment data from the “Salário Desemprego” and the “Sistema Nacional de Emprego (SINE),” data on work-related accidents, and other information related to workers.11. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Indústria e Comércio Exterior (Indus trial Development and Foreign Commerce), http://www.mdic.gov.br/default.asp, provides information on foreign trade, costs of production in various economic sectors, and research on productivity in general. It reproduces material from its Anuário Estatístico da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento da Produção on the Gross Domestic Product (PIB), as well as employment data for the industrial sector. This site also has a gateway to agencies that with deal with inter-industrial productive relations.A subsection of this ministry is the National Economic and Social Development Bank (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, BNDES, which has an excellent site at http://www.bndes.gov.br. “Estudos e Publicações” presents statistical studies concerning the principal economic sectors, especially related to basic inputs and infrastructure, as well as material on social and urban development. The BNDES, as the administrator of the national program of privatization, also furnishes important information on this theme.The IBGE offers a very detailed listing of summary statistics and maps for every municipality in the country, showing the latest population, economic, and social data, at http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/default.php.Many of the states’ own statistical agencies maintain excellent Internet sites. São Paulo’s Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE), http://www.seade.gov.br, provides basic statistics on the state’s population and economy and direct access to the “Memória das Estatísticas Demográficas,” http://www.seade.gov.br/500anos, which presents, among other types of information, demographic statistics on the state’s municípios over the past one hundred years, along with useful historical maps. The SEADE site also offers links to all of Brazil’s state statistical agencies—for example, the Centro de Informações e Dados do Rio de Janeiro (Fundação CIDE), http://www.cide.rj.gov.br, and the Fundação João Pinheiro do Governo de Minas Gerais, http://www.fjp.gov.br.The IBGE site also offers links to many municipal governments, but there is also a special gateway to all municípios, Municípionline, at http://www.municipionline.com.br. http://brasilchannel.com.br/municipios serves a similar purpose. Finally “Rede Governo,” http://www.redegoverno.gov.br, functions as a gateway to numerous government agencies and services at all levels, including to Brazilian legislation.1. Under the section “População,” the IBGE site presents a series of statistical information, primarily demographic in nature. The two most important are the results from the last two national censuses, 1991 and 2000. This sectional also offers much information on health, education, labor force activity, and even sanitation, disaggregated at the national, state, and municipal levels. Another important subsection contains information from the famous household surveys—the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, or PNAD, which has been systematically gathered from a very large national sample since the 1960s and is one of the most important periodical surveys carried out in Brazil. These surveys collect detailed information on income, employment, and housing, as well as educational and demographic data. Many of the earlier surveys are now available on CD, and data from the 2001 PNAD are already available on the Web. Vital statistics are found in the subsection “Estatisticas de Registro Civil,” which contains data on births, deaths, marriages, and divorce/separation for 1997–98 and 1999–2000. Life tables (“tabua de vida”) are available for 2000 and 2001. Finally, the latest population estimates and projections, made in 2000 and projecting basic demographic indices through 2050, can be obtained through FTP.One can link from the main IBGE site to their special Web program, SIDRA (“Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática”), at http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda. As mentioned earlier, this system allows users to create their own tables of selected data, controlling its tabular presentation, level of desegregation, and geographic scope. The tables created can either be viewed as HTML to cut- and-paste, or saved as a file in various formats.1 SIDRA contains both demographic and economic and social data2. Núcleo de Estudos em Demografia Histórica (NEDH), http://members.tripod.com/~Historia_Demografica/INDEX.HTM, publishes an online journal, as well as important bibliographic information and working papers. “Rol On-Line: Relação de Trabalhos Publicados na Área de História Demográfica” contains bibliographic citations and hundreds of summaries of articles.3. Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais (ABEP), http://www.abep.org.br, offers access to numerous demographic studies, as well as links to other national and international institutions that have an interest in Brazilian demographic conditions.4. Centro de Documentação (CENDOC) do Núcleo de Estudos da Popu-lação (NEPO), http://www.unicamp.br/nepo, provides qualitative information and access to bibliographic data and studies produced by the researchers of the center. It also possesses a link to listings of similar institutions.5. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Santiago de Chile, (ECLAC/CEPAL), http://www.eclac.cl, is an important UN regional agency providing fundamental comparative economic and social information. Access to its more-detailed statistical information (as with most UN agencies) may require a university subscription. However, their important studies, many of which have very detailed statistical information, are available in PDF format. Their most important publication is the Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean, a fundamental source of excellent materials. They also publish special reports, such as Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean—2002 Report, and Social Panorama of Latin America 2001–2002. CEPAL is also the parent for the Centro Latinamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE), http://www.eclac.cl/celade/. CELADE works closely with all the Latin American government statistical agencies, including IBGE. Its site contains excellent demographic information, and the agency publishes the Boletín Demográfico, which can be accessed online and which normally concentrates on a different theme each issue (urbanization, for example). An examination of the CELADE publications list shows around 2,500 documents, reports, and publications related to Brazil.6. The United Nations Population Division, http://www.un.org/popin, is the best source for international demographic materials, some of which go back to the mid–twentieth century, but requires a university subscription for access. The Population Division also produced An Historical Supplement covering world and country data from 1948–97, available on CD-ROM. The organization collects data on housing, vital statistics, and social indicators, along with information about migration, urbanization, refugees, and so on.7. The World Health Organization of the United Nations can best be used through its WHOSIS search engine (WHO Statistical Information System), http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm. The WHO also can lead one to the regional health organization PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), http://www.paho.org/default.htm. Data can be found at the section called “Health Data.”8. U.S. Census Bureau, International Program Center, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/index.html, contains information on Brazil and the other countries of Latin America. A list of publications is available at http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html.9. IPUMS International, http://www.ipums.umn.edu/international/index.shtml, at the University of Minnesota, is currently generating public-use samples (of individuals) from Latin American censuses in the twentieth century, available in either SAS or SPSS format.10. Institut National d’Études Démographique (INED), http://www.ined.fr/population-en-chiffres/indexF.html, maintains a great quantity of demographic information from all the countries of the world.11. Max Plank Institute, http://www.demogr.mpg.de, and the University of California at Berkeley, Department of Demography, maintain an online historical mortality database. This excellent source for nineteenth- and twentieth-century age, sex, birth, death, and life-expectancy tables for many European and American countries is available at http://www.mortality.org. Along with INED, these two institutions also maintain a life table for world populations at The World Bank offers statistics on Brazil and other Latin American at under and and some dealing with Brazil. This section can only be used through a university subscription. is also an that presents statistical series on economic as well as research The an important online guide for and demographic research on Brazil. This listing is complete and contains a large number of important The of Population of University presents an on demographic themes under its The University of Population Center, maintains a very listing of working papers. It also has a useful links The Development has a list of studies available on Brazil, related to Latin American social produced by the Development of the can be found at the IBGE home the section on presents numerous economic census materials, such as the national for as well as regional the agricultural and general information about the principal economic for example, contains data on agricultural national by industrial and general of along with information on employment and Another important is the Pesquisa de a household with detailed information on and very detailed family budget The Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica an research center within the of is one of the most important research centers dealing with the economy and of Brazil. It also contains some excellent historical data. researchers often generate their own data series, or the institution has direct access to agencies which Its Web site is well and a very large number of studies in and English as under para as well as its de under The working from The also maintains its primary data materials in a site called This important contains some series, of which 2,500 are available free for public the Internet and series on themes such as of and foreign and national employment, public social indicators, interest and population, and these series, are annual and some in the are and are many of which in the The various series are easy to and are the most complete available from any In the section be found information on the international economy, population, and social The Sociais,” usually by are of great research This is the for of its de da de e de as well as its with series back to In many of the working of deal with the issue of and in Brazilian are also and private research centers which provide important information. Many of these in produce their own surveys and research materials which they make de Estatísticas e Estudos is an especially important organization maintained by the and which for has produced important related to employment and to and labor markets in general. Statistical information is available at The (Fundação provides access to working and statistical series of various economic indicators, including the de The of the University of São the Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas also research studies and has an de for the of São Instituto de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro is a research and center in the social through its de it access to various especially of a and social nature. 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Internet sources are it is that this first have to be either by or any other who to this can be sent to the at either or

BackgroundThe pandemic drove the women to domestic tasks overload added by unpaid care activities that must be conciliated with their paid job. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the degree of the Objectives for Sustainable Development (ODS) Goal 5 performance that deals with gender inequality in the European Union (EU) and Latin America & Caribbean (LAC), due to their contrasts in the pandemic combat public policies and the social wealth constraints.MethodsThe study used a qualitative and exploratory methodology. The data were obtained from the European Institute for Gender Equality, UN Women, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Social Science Latin-American Conseil.ResultsIn LAC women work three times more than men per day, considering the domestic tasks and the unpaid care activities, they also account for 72.8% of the health professionals receiving 25% less than men. The primary health assistance increase for women as well as the recording of domestic violence cases. In the EU the majority of health and care workers are also women, 76% and 86%, respectively. There, these women also receive less than men (6.5%), presenting excessive workload and life risk.ConclusionsImpacting differences were observed on the gender inequality worsening in both studied regions after the pandemic beginning. It is urgent the establishment of proper public policies to minimize the excess of obligations on the women during the pandemic and to realign the ODS goal n° 5 in these regions.

Meeting of low prevalence countries of tuberculosis in Latin America and the CaribbeanIn April of 2013, the sixth version of the Meeting of Low Prevalence Countries (LPC) of tubercu-losis in Latin America and the Caribbean was carried out in Santiago de Chile, which was attended by the heads of National Program of Tuberculosis of Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba and Chile. These countries discussed the epidemiological situation and the operational results of the implementation of strategies for the elimination of tuberculosis, which involves reaching an incidence rate of less than 1 case per million inhabitants in 2050. During the last decade, LPC have experienced a slowing of the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis that even resulted in an epidemiological reversal in Uruguay, which makes unlikely the possibility of achieving the goal. Moreover, the operational situation varies between countries, showing the biggest problems in Uruguay and Chile, who do not meet the goals in treatment cohorts. The political commitment of the authorities and the adequate financing of the National Tuberculosis Programme, along with the inter-sector coordination, were highlighted as key elements to meet the challenges that it has the control of tuberculosis in the LPC.Key words: Tuberculosis, control, prevalence, meeting.ResumenEn abril de 2013 se realizo en Santiago de Chile la VI version de la Reunion de Paises de baja prevalencia (PBP) de tuberculosis de Latinoamerica y el Caribe, a la cual asistieron los jefes de pro-grama de Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba y Chile. Los paises discutieron la situacion epidemiologica y los

BackgroundRoad traffic deaths (RTDs) are a significant global issue, particularly affecting young people. In 2016, 1.35 million RTDs occurred globally, with children and young adults aged 5–29 being the most...