Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation was launched in 1996. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of organ transplantation is divided into 18 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Warren C. Breidenbach, IIIWarren C. Breidenbach, IIIWarren C. Breidenbach, III, is both Chief of the Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery and Professor of Surgery at the University of Arizona, USA. He is the world leader of hand and composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) and led the team responsible for the world's first successful hand transplant in January, 1999. He has since performed more hand transplants than any other surgeon in the world. Based on his leadership and expertise in the field, he has trained a number of U.S. teams performing hand transplants and CTA. Dr Breidenbach's clinical interests are extremity surgery, peripheral nerve compression problems, repetitive stress disorders, and reconstructive trauma surgery. Whilst his research interests include; cutting edge immunosuppressant research which has tremendous potential for those in need of transplants, peripheral nerve outcomes, management of extremity pain syndrome, and animal models of tolerance induction in CTA. He obtained his MD from the University of Calgary, Canada, and subsequently received his postgraduate training in plastic surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr Breidenbach then completed a one-year microsurgery fellowship with the Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, USA, followed by one year as a Christine M. Kleinert Hand Fellow at the University of Louisville. Dr Breidenbach was appointed the first Hand Scholar with the Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery for two years. His work on vascularized nerve grafts received the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinical Research Scholarship Award. Dr Breidenbach also received the Senior Award of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery for his work in blood flow to nerves. He has served as President of the International Hand and Composite Tissue Allotransplantation Society and is Founding President of the American Society of Reconstructive Transplant. He also served on several committees of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and as Secretary of the American Society for Peripheral Nerve. Dr Breidenbach has received numerous awards and honors and has published more than 80 papers and publications. Linda S. SherLinda S. SherDr Sher is a Professor of Clinical Surgery and Director of Clinical Research in the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation at Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), USA. After completing her medical school education and surgical residency at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, USA, Dr Sher undertook her fellowship training in Liver and Kidney Transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. After completing her fellowship in 1988, Dr Sher was involved in the establishment of two liver transplant programs in Los Angeles prior to joining the USC program in 2001. Dr Sher has participated in and overseen over 50 research projects and is currently very active in the development of the clinical and basic science research components of the USC Abdominal Organ Transplantation Program. She has numerous publications on immunosuppression, chronic rejection, disease recurrence, infection, prophylaxis and hepatobiliary surgery. Dr Sher is one of the original editors of Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation and has endeavored over the years to provide the reader with an up to date overview of the entire field of organ transplantation. Edward K. GeisslerEdward K. GeisslerProfessor Edward K. Geissler is Head of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, at the University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, where he has held this post for the past 14 years. Professor Geissler's research interests include Transplantation Immunology research, with the aim of contributing to the development of novel tolerance induction strategies. He leads a recently established EU-funded 7th Framework Programme international consortium (The ONE Study) aimed at applying cellular therapy to renal transplant recipients as a means of reducing allograft rejection. In addition, he has developed a strong focus on the study of post-transplant malignancy. Here too, he is bridging the gap between his research laboratories and the clinic by conducting an ongoing multinational clinical trial (SiLVER Study) aimed at reducing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in liver transplant recipients. In 2008, he received the “Deutscher Krebspreis” for translational research in cancer from the German Cancer Society. He has recently been appointed as an Executive Editor of Transplantation, beginning in 2015.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation was launched in 1996. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of organ transplantation is divided into 18 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Editors-in-Chief, Associate Editors and Section Editors for this issue. EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Linda S. SherLinda S. SherDr Linda Sher is Professor, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation and the Chief, Division of Clinical Research in the Department of Surgery at Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), USA. Dr Sher completed her medical school training and surgical residency at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, following which she completed a fellowship training in Liver and Kidney Transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. After completing her fellowship in 1988, Dr Sher was involved in the establishment of two liver transplant programs in Los Angeles prior to joining the USC program in 2001. Dr Sher has participated in and overseen over 100 research projects and is currently very active in the development of the clinical and basic science research components of the USC Abdominal Organ Transplantation Program. She has numerous publications on immunosuppression, chronic rejection, disease recurrence, infection, and hepatobiliary surgery. Dr Sher is one of the original editors of Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation and has endeavored over the years to provide the reader with an up to date overview of the entire field of organ transplantation. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Josep M. GrinyóJosep M. GrinyóDr Josep Grinyó, MD, PhD, is Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Barcelona. Dr Grinyó's research work on renal transplantation has been focused on immunosuppression, ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic allograft damage in the clinical setting and in experimental animal models. He has hold more than 60 competitive research projects and he has authored more than 340 articles and given more than 250 invited lectures. He has acted as associate editor and reviewer in the top ranked journals in his field of expertise (AJT, CJASN, JASN, NEJM, NDT, TI, Lancet). He has been member of the councils of the scientific societies and chair of several scientific programs committees of congresses of these societies (TTS, ERA-EDTA, ESOT, ISN). He is member of several steering committees and DSMBs of international research consortiums on cell therapy, biomarker-driven immunosuppression, treatment of autoimmune nephritis and organ preservation. He is reviewer of competitive research applications for research organisations in Spain, Belgium, Germany, France (Inserm), Argentine, Austria, USA and UK (MRC, EME Experts). Jerzy Kupiec-WeglinskiJerzy Kupiec-WeglinskiDr Kupiec-Weglinski is the Director of Dumont-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Transplant Research Laboratories in Los Angeles, USA. He is a Distinguished Professor of Surgery, and Vice-Chairman (Research), Department of Surgery, at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. He holds the Inaugural Paul I. Terasaki Endowed Chair in Surgery. Dr Kupiec-Weglinski's interests focus on the immunobiology of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury, host sensitization, and tolerance induction in transplant recipients. He has authored over 400 papers. His research for the last 32 years has been funded by National Institute of Health (NIH). He served as standing member of the Transplantation, Tolerance and Tumor Immunology (TTT) NIH Study Section, as member of the board of directors of American Society of Transplantation, recipient of AST/Astellas Established Investigator Award in Basic Transplant Research, as well as of The Transplantation Society (TTS) Awards for Outstanding Achievements in Basic Science; and for Mentorship or Education and Training in Transplantation. He holds the Honorary Doctorate (“Honoris Causa”) from Medical University of Warsaw, and is the Foreign Member of Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. SECTION EDITORS Valeria R. MasValeria R. MasDr Valeria R. Mas, PhD is a molecular and cellular immunologist that serves as tenured Professor of Surgery and Division Head of the Division of Surgical Sciences at the University of Maryland. Dr. Mas was the Director of the Transplant Genomics Laboratory at Virginia Commonwealth University until 2011 and she went on to become a tenured Associate Professor of Research Surgery at the University of Virginia, where she directed the Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory and was Co-Director of Transplant Research. She is the founder and former Director of the Transplant Research Institute that is part of the Methodist University Transplant Institute associated with University of Tennessee Health Science Center. Dr. Mas has been conducting studies in genomics and proteomics related to kidney and liver transplant recipients during the last 20 years. Her research projects are mainly focused to: (1) evaluate the molecular pathways that associate with graft fibrosis development and loss of function post-kidney transplantation, (2) test the effects of organ donor biology in short-and long-term outcomes post-transplantation, and (3) identify early biomarkers that distinguish those organs at high risk of post-transplant dysfunction. She uses integrative approaches (proteomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and bioinformatics) for understanding the role of immunological and non-immunological factors in transplantation outcomes. As a PI and Coinvestigator, she has been funded by NIH during the last 15 years and has more than 100 peer reviewed publications. She has received investigator awards from the American Transplant Society, from the International Liver Transplant Society, and from The Transplantation Society. She was elected Councilor of the International Liver Transplant Society and serves as an ad hoc reviewer in multiple NIH study sections and is a member of NIDDK PBKD study section. Michael L. VolkMichael L. VolkDr Michael L. Volk is the Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Medical Director of Liver Transplantation at Loma Linda University. He is triple board certified in Transplant Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Internal Medicine, and has been frequently selected by Best Doctors as among the top Hepatologists in the country. Prior to moving to Loma Linda, Dr Volk was Director of the Liver Tumor Program at the University of Michigan. He is a former Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholar, with a funded research program that focuses on management of cirrhosis and organ allocation for liver transplantation. He has published >100 research articles, reviews, and book chapters. Since moving to Loma Linda in 2015, Dr. Volk has helped quadruple the size of the liver transplant program, from 25/year to >100/year. He has grown the GI division from 8 faculty to 17 and established numerous satellite clinical locations including an academic-private partnership in an ambulatory surgery center. He has introduced numerous new clinical services and established a multidisciplinary Digestive Disease Center. In his free time, he enjoys hiking and biking with his wife Corrie and two boys Alexander and Sebastian. Uwe HeemanUwe HeemanProf. Uwe Heemann is a graduate from Bochum Medical University where he received his MD. He worked a fellow at the University Hospital Essen as well as at the Brigham Hospital in Boston. Currently he is Director of the Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich. Prof. Heemann is nationally and internationally recognized as leader in the field of kidney transplantation. He is a Past-President of the German Society of Transplantation, Member of the Board of Eurotransplant, Chair of the Kidney Advisory Committee of Eurotransplant and served as member of the DESCARTES group. His current activities focus on transplantation as well as the reduction of mortality in the field of dialysis. He has published more than 350 articles cited in medline as well as a multitude of monographies and books, was principal investigator in multiple international and national trials and served as advisor for various scientific groups as well as pharmaceutical companies. He has published in prestigious journals including Journal of Clinical Investigation, Kidney International, Transplantation, Circulation, Hypertension and Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. In addition, he serves on numerous international journals, lectures at universities around the world and has facilitated the careers of national and international fellows to high academic positions.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation was launched in 1996. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of organ transplantation is divided into 18 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Linda S. SherLinda S. SherDr Linda S. Sher is Professor of Clinical Surgery and Director of Clinical Research in the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation at Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), USA. After completing her medical school education and surgical residency at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, USA, Dr Sher undertook her fellowship training in Liver and Kidney Transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. After completing her fellowship in 1988, Dr Sher was involved in the establishment of two liver transplant programs in Los Angeles prior to joining the USC program in 2001. Dr Sher has participated in and overseen over 50 research projects and is currently very active in the development of the clinical and basic science research components of the USC Abdominal Organ Transplantation Program. She has numerous publications on immunosuppression, chronic rejection, disease recurrence, infection, and hepatobiliary surgery. Dr Sher is one of the original editors of Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation and has endeavored over the years to provide the reader with an up to date overview of the entire field of organ transplantation. Paulo N. MartinsPaulo N. MartinsDr Paulo N. Martins MD, PhD, FAST, FEBS, FACS is a transplant surgeon (Associate Professor of Surgery) and has a transplant lab focused on liver preservation at University of Massachusetts, USA. He graduated from medical school in Brazil, where he ranked first. He finished his PhD in transplant immunology at the University of Berlin-Germany in 2005 with “Summa cum Laude” and worked clinically in Berlin, Germany (Charite’-Virchow Klinikum) for over a year. He completed a post-doc research fellowship at the Brigham and Women Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital at Harvard University, in Boston-USA, and later did a clinical hepatobiliary and Transplant Fellowship at the New York Medical School, followed by other clinical transplant fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, followed by one year as clinical instructor in the same institution. Since 2013, Dr. Martins has been working as a transplant Surgeon at the University of Massachusetts. During his career he has obtained several research awards (including the ILTS rising star award, ASTS vanguard award, ASTS rising star award, AST basic science award, an AASLD grant, and the Portuguese-American Scientific leadership award) and grants. He is the vice-chair of the ILTS Basic and Translational Science committee, associate editor of the journal "Artificial Organs, an editorial board member/reviewer of 15 scientific journals, and member of several transplant societies including (ILTS, ESOT, AST, ASTS, DTG, AASLD). Dr. Martins has published 107 peer-reviewed articles (with over 3,500 citations), one textbook, 16 book chapters, and over 100 abstracts in scientific meeting and medical journals. He has been part of Diversity committee at his institution, he is co-chair of the ASTS diversity committee, and chair of the UNOS/OPTN Minority Affairs Committee. He has been part of several initiatives to increase equity in transplantation access (e.g. policies to collect socio-economic data and to eliminate the black race coefficient for eGFR calculation, adjustments/provisions in organ allocation policies, guidelines about listing of patients with cognitive impairment among others). He is also part of the bold against racism task-force in the ASTS that aims to increase representation and equity for the transplant workforce, to build inclusive work environments, and provide culturally sensitive training. He published several articles in this field and this year he was nominated by the University of Massachusetts to the Alpha Omega Alpha honor society.

Practicing With Uncertainty: Kidney Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Report of the Crystal City Meeting to Maximize the Use of Organs Recovered from the Cadaver Donor

Donor Intervention Research.

GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LDLT, living donor liver transplantation; LT, liver transplantation. In less than 30 years, liver transplantation (LT) has rapidly developed from a highly experimental and controversial procedure to one of the most successful stories in medicine. Nowadays, LT is a widely accepted treatment for select patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Historically, HCC was a dismal disease amenable only to palliative therapies; a number of curative alternatives, including liver resection, locoregional therapies, and LT, have emerged. This evolution is associated with dramatic improvements in imaging techniques and the implementation of surveillance programs, which have facilitated the detection of many HCCs at an earlier stage when an effective treatment is feasible.1 In this context, LT is considered an optimal strategy that addresses both the underlying disease and the cancer, and HCC is currently the indication for LT in 25% and 35% of all cases in Europe and the United States, respectively.2, 3 The need to obtain the optimal benefit from the limited number of available organs has prompted the maintenance of stringent selection criteria so that only those patients with early HCC, who have the highest likelihood of achieving long-term survival after LT, are listed. The indications for LT and the allocation of donor organs are, therefore, closely scrutinized by all LT stakeholders. An international consensus conference on LT for HCC was held in Zurich, Switzerland on December 2-4, 2010. The aims of this conference were as follows: (1) establishing the state of the art for indications for LT in patients with HCC and (2) providing internationally accepted statements and guidelines for LT programs. This conference was endorsed and financially supported by 10 major international societies focusing on liver diseases or LT: the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the European-African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association, the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, the International Liver Cancer Association, the International Liver Transplantation Society, the Transplantation Society, and the Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Foundation. The University of Zurich also provided financial support for this conference. For this purpose, a novel format for the consensus conference, which was based on the Danish model, was developed.4 The organizing committee identified 19 specific questions, and these questions were grouped into 5 topics (Table 1). Nineteen working groups were created to address these questions; each group was composed of 4 to 6 experts from various fields of medicine, including surgery, gastroenterology, radiology, oncology, pathology, patient representation, health insurance, statistics, and ethics. These experts were selected on the basis of their scientific and clinical records, and their mission was to prepare evidence-based papers and draft recommendations. They were asked to follow the Oxford classification for levels of evidence5 (Table 2). Nine people from a variety of clinical and academic fields (not including any fields involving LT or HCC) were appointed to a jury, and this jury reviewed the submitted papers, commented on them, and made the final recommendations. As in the Danish model, the essential rule was that the final recommendations were to be drawn by the jury and not by the experts!4 Eighteen months before the conference in Zurich, the various topics and the progression of the groups' work were extensively discussed with the organizing committee and the members of the jury. For example, 3 workshops were held during 2009 and 2010 (2 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases in Boston and 1 at the meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver in Vienna); there, the chairs or representatives from each working group met with the organizing committee and the jury president or vice-president to evaluate and discuss the status of their work. Consequently, most papers, including the recommendations from the working groups, were assessed in advance by the jury. Most often, revisions were made to these papers before the conference. Approximately 300 attendees from 5 continents were present at the consensus conference in Zurich. The chair of each working group delivered a 15-minute presentation that covered each specific question, and this was followed by questions first from the jury and then from the audience. Before the conference, the members of the jury used the experts' texts to prepare some proposals for final recommendations that answered the 19 specific questions. These proposals were discussed during the conference, and they were modified at that time in response to the discussions. Afterwards, the audience was polled anonymously with an electronic voting system to determine the strength of each recommendation; the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system for decision making6 was used (Fig. 1). The jury met independently after the meeting to produce final recommendations, which were based on the papers submitted by the experts, the discussions, and the vote of the audience during the conference. GRADE system.6 The strength of each recommendation was determined by the vote of the audience and the jury. A committee was then established to write the consensus text. This writing committee was composed of the president, the vice-president, and a statistician from the jury as well as 3 members of the organizing committee. This text will be published in The Lancet Oncology.7 General considerations: diagnosis. Indications for LT. Bridging therapy, down-staging, and monitoring on the waiting list. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Monitoring after LT. The first part of the conference focused on the survival goals for LT in patients with HCC and on the tools for establishing the diagnosis of HCC.8-11 Posttransplant survival was a matter of debate. The experts proposed lowering the 5-year survival rate to 50% because of patients' personal benefits from LT. However, because of the shortage of donor organs and for consistency with the statement that the results of LT within the Milan criteria are the benchmarks, the jury concluded that LT should be reserved for HCC patients who have a predicted 5-year survival rate comparable to that of non-HCC patients. For the diagnosis of HCC, the jury endorsed the algorithm of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, which is based on state-of-the-art cross-sectional imaging techniques (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). In the second part of the conference, the experts focused on the indications for LT and on the possible expansion of the accepted criteria for LT for HCC.12-17 Mazzaferro et al.12 provided an exhaustive review of the literature and analyzed 90 studies, which covered 15 years of experience with the Milan criteria. Germani et al.13 conducted a meta-analysis of 101 studies and assessed the effects of staging HCC with the size and number of nodules on posttransplant recurrence and survival. They concluded that the diameter of the largest nodule or the total diameter of all nodules is the best outcome predictor. This conclusion agrees with recent Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data, which suggest that the total tumor volume and the alpha-fetoprotein level could be useful for selecting HCC patients for LT.18 Freeman's group16 addressed the issue of using extended criteria (ie, criteria beyond the Milan criteria). Although evidence has accumulated for good outcomes for some patients beyond the Milan criteria, no definitive recommendations could be made. These strategies should be considered according to the local situation of each transplant center (ie, the availability of donor organs and the mortality rate for patients on the waiting list). Treatment on the waiting list and the down-staging of larger HCCs were the topics of the third part of the conference.19-21 This group of experts supported the concept of down-staging, although the indications and the criteria for defining success still need to be standardized. Not surprisingly, none of the locoregional therapies showed any superiority. As for treatment on the waiting list, no therapy was recommended for United Network for Organ Sharing T1 tumors. For United Network for Organ Sharing T2 tumors, the experts suggested bridging strategies for patients likely to wait longer than 6 months to prevent the development of contraindications during the waiting period. All therapies were extensively discussed, and a marginal advantage was shown for radiofrequency ablation. The fourth part, which dealt with the use of LDLT for HCC patients, triggered some controversial debates among the experts, the audience, and the jury.22-24 They discussed ethical concerns with the double equipoise describing the balance between the recipient's survival benefit with or without LDLT and the risks of morbidity and mortality for the donor. Five years after the publication of the findings of the Vancouver forum,25 it is well accepted that patients with HCC within the Milan criteria should be offered LDLT as a treatment option. On the other hand, the question of offering LDLT to HCC patients beyond the accepted criteria raised many questions. There were arguments from experts in favor of donor protection and from experts who instead focused on the patient's benefit (the issue of organ sharing does not apply to LDLT). Finally, the jury decided not to make any formal recommendations about the use of LDLT for HCC patients beyond the Milan criteria. Each transplant center should determine a clear policy with rigorous safeguards and inform the community about the expected outcomes. Finally, the fifth part of the conference focused on management after LT and paid special attention to the risk of HCC recurrence after LT.26-28 The experts investigated whether immunosuppression regimens have an impact on HCC recurrence and whether they should be adapted in such an oncological context. Adjuvant therapies were also evaluated for their potential to reduce tumor recurrence post-LT and improve long-term survival. Finally, the different therapeutic options and their indications for HCC recurrence were discussed. Overall, this consensus conference format led to objective evaluations of the most controversial topics in the field of LT for HCC by an independent jury. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this format has been used in this field, in which strong opinions or dogmatic beliefs are usually difficult to challenge. The results of this effort are compiled in this special issue, which provides up-to-date information for the consensus text to be published in The Lancet Oncology.7

HIV-Positive-to-HIV-Positive Liver Transplantation.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation was launched in 1996. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of organ transplantation is divided into 18 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Norah A. TerraultFigureDr A. Norah Terrault is a Professor of Medicine and Surgery and Director of the Viral Hepatitis Center at the University of California, San Francisco, USA. She received her MD from the University of Alberta, USA, and completed fellowships at the University of Toronto, Canada, before joining the faculty at the University of California, San Francisco. Her research focuses on the natural history and treatment of viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in patients with cirrhosis and liver transplant recipients. She has conducted multiple clinical trials related to preventing and treating chronic hepatitis C and B, and is site PI for the NIH-supported HBV Clinical Research Network (HBRN) and NASH Clinical Research Network. She has authored over 250 peer-reviewed manuscripts, editorials, invited reviews, and chapters and is an Associate Editor for Hepatology and past Deputy Editor for Liver Transplantation. She previously served on the AASLD governing board and is current Councilor on the IASL governing board. Andreas PascherFigureAndreas Pascher is Professor of Surgery and the Deputy Chair of the Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery as well as the Director of Neuroendocrine Tumor Surgery and the Organ Transplant Programme (liver, pancreas, kidney, Intestine, multivisceral) at the Universitaetsmedizin Berlin-Charité, Germany. He founded the Intestine Rehabilitation and Transplant Programme in 2000. In 2006, he was awarded his PhD and four years later he achieved an MBA in Health Care Management. He has received board certifications in transplant surgery (UEMS – Fellow of the European Board of Surgeons), gastrointestinal surgery and general surgery (incl. endocrine surgery). He has been board member of the European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association (ELITA) since 2011 and ELITA Secretary from 2012 to 2014. Currently he is a member of the scientific advisory board of the Intestinal Transplant Association (ITA). He has published more than 190 papers and has presented at numerous national and international meetings in the field. Jan P.M. LerutFigureProf. Jan P.M. Lerut, MD, PhD, trained in General Surgery at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Belgium, the H.Heine University of Dusseldorf, Germany, and at the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium. From the very start of his surgical career he was involved in organ transplantation. This interest resulted in a transplantation fellowship at the Universities Paris-Sud – Centre Hépatobiliaire, France, under the lead of Prof. H. Bismuth and Pittsburgh Medical Centre, USA, under the lead of Prof. Th. Starzl. He was Director of the Abdominal Transplant Program at the Inselspital University of Bern, Switzerland, from 1987 to 1991. Currently he is ordinary Professor of Surgery and Director of the Department of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery as well as Director of the Starzl Abdominal Transplant Unit of the University Hospitals Saint Luc and of the UCL Transplant Centre in Brussels, Belgium. He has served as President of the Belgian Society of Transplantation (BST), as Chairman of the Eurotransplant (ET) Liver Allocation Committee (ELIAC) and as President of the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT). He is member of different councils and learning societies related to surgery and transplantation. He is active in the Euroliver Foundation awareness campaigns for adolescents in relation to organ donation. Under his Presidency of the ELIAC, the MELD system was introduced within the ET Community. His presidency of ESOT was devoted to the broadening of the European transplant community and to the development of a master educational program in the field of transplantation. He is President of the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS) and Royal Belgian Society of Surgery (RBSS). He has published over 300 peer-reviewed articles, authored 24 books chapters and 24 scientific films. He made more than 600 communications on national and international congresses, most of them devoted to liver transplantation. He recently co-edited the book Regenerative Medicine Applications in Organ Transplantation (Academic press).

The Journal of Clinical PharmacologyVolume 19, Issue 10 p. 654-661 Blood Pressure Response to Norepinephrine Infusion in Relationship to Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Man Dr. NICOLAS D. VLACHAKIS M.D., F.C.P., Corresponding Author Dr. NICOLAS D. VLACHAKIS M.D., F.C.P. Associate Professor of Medicine Departments of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Cal., and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N. Y. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Cal.Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. 90033.Search for more papers by this author Dr. NICOLAS D. VLACHAKIS M.D., F.C.P., Corresponding Author Dr. NICOLAS D. VLACHAKIS M.D., F.C.P. Associate Professor of Medicine Departments of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Cal., and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N. Y. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Cal.Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. 90033.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1979.tb01628.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume19, Issue10October 1979Pages 654-661 RelatedInformation

Donor Disease Transmission

Proteins: Structure, Function, and BioinformaticsVolume 40, Issue 1 p. 1-3 Short Communication Comment on “a fast and simple method to calculate protonation states in proteins” E.L. Mehler, Corresponding Author E.L. Mehler mehler@imka.mssm.edu Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New YorkDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029===Search for more papers by this authorA. Warshel, A. Warshel Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author E.L. Mehler, Corresponding Author E.L. Mehler mehler@imka.mssm.edu Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New YorkDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029===Search for more papers by this authorA. Warshel, A. Warshel Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 May 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(20000701)40:1<1::AID-PROT10>3.0.CO;2-OCitations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue11 July 2000Pages 1-3 RelatedInformation