Editorial: Beyond the Human, With the Human: Cultural Science for the Anthropocene

Cultural Techniques and Logistical Media: Tuning German and Anglo-American Media Studies

Urban areas are characterized by densely built-up area. Due to urbanization and consequent urban growth, green spaces, water bodies and other land use changes are resulting in several environmental issues and concerns. One such urban environmental issue is the emergence of Urban Heat Island. An Urban Heat Island (UHI) is the characteristics of elevated temperaturere of both atmosphere and land surface in urban areas as compared with the un-urbanized surrounding or rural areas. In this work, the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of mega city of Hyderabad is extracted with the help of remote sensing data. For the present study, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) data pertaining to the year 2015 is used. The main objective this study is to identify and map Urban Heat Island. Seasonal variations in the Land Surface Temperature (LST) are analyzed for the month of May and December. It is seen from the analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST) that, the urban areas have recorded higher temperature as compared to its rural counterpart. It is also seen that emergence of Urban Heat Island is very conspicuous during the night time. The temperature variation between urban-rural surroundings varies between 29.11 and 21.69°C in the month of May (summer) whereas it ranged between 23.71 and 16.14°C in the month of December (winter). The variations in the night temperature is maximum during summer season. Keywords: Urbanization, remote sensing, land surface temperature, urban heat island Cite this Article Sridhar N, Vijaya Bhole. Seasonal Analysis of Urban Heat Island of Greater Hyderabad Using Thermal Remote Sensing. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2018; 9(1): 49–56p.

A new type of cities for liveable futures. Isobenefit Urbanism morphogenesis

Roles of past, present, and future land use and anthropogenic heat release changes on urban heat island effects in Hanoi, Vietnam: Numerical experiments with a regional climate model

Rapid urbanization has resulted in temperature differences between the urban area and its surrounding areas. Academics have called this as the urban heat island phenomenon. Among the places that have seen rapid urbanization is the City of Cebu. The Philippine’s oldest street, Colon, was chosen as the study area due to the near absence of vegetation and closely spaced buildings. Buildings that are spaced more closely as well as multiple absorptions and reflections produce higher and more viable street temperatures. This study tries to systematically understand the urban heat island effect between Colon and Lawaan, the rural area defined in this study. In order to quantify the urban heat island between two given locations, the mobile traverse method during the summer time, for a 10-day period in May 2016. A digital thermometer measuring platform was mounted on top of a vehicle to measure the different temperatures of Colon Street. Urban temperatures were also gathered in the Lawaan area using the same device. Preliminary results showed the presence of the urban heat island phenomenon between the two areas (ΔT =1.17 °C). The provision of green spaces and proper urban planning are essential in mitigating future urban heat stress due to anthropogenic changes of existing cities.

Chapter 13 - Automated object extraction of satellite imagery to estimate the loss of vegetative land cover and inform climate adaptation actions in San Antonio, Texas

A very high resolution weather analysis system (VHRAS) of 50 m horizontal resolution is established based on LAPS. VHRAS utilizes the 3 hourly forecast data of the Unified Model (UM) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) with the horizontal resolution of 12 km as initial guess fields. The analysis system ingests the automatic weather station (AWS) data as input observations. The analysis system operates every hour for Seoul, Korea region in real time basis. It takes less than 10 minutes for one analysis cycle. The size of grid of the analysis domain is , respectively. The analysis results from December 2010 to February 2011 showed that the mean biases of temperature, maximum and minimum temperature were -0.07, 1.6, , respectively. The temperature in the central part of the city revealed relatively higher value than that of the surrounding mountainous areas, which showed a heat island feature. The heat island appears in zonal direction since the central city region is developed along a large river. Along the heat island, the eastern region was warmer than the western region. The warmer temperature in the western part of the heat island was caused by anthropogenic heat change in conjunction with the change of land use. This system will provide more reliable weather data and information in Seoul.

The deepening and complication of connections in today’s globalized world have led to an increased interest among scientists in the problem of formation of communicative culture of future professionals in all industries. Many scientific works of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists are devoted to the problem of formation of communicative culture of future teachers. However, scientists mainly consider the problem of formation of communicative culture of future professionals separately from other types of culture. As a result, the scientific achievements of scientists may not be fully implemented in practice. This leads to a lot of gaps in the training of future teachers. The insufficient level of communicative culture of teachers creates a barrier for the spiritual, psychophysiological and social development of children. The purpose of this article is to determine the effectiveness of cultural dialogue technology techniques in the formation of communicative culture of future teachers in primary school. To achieve this goal, the following research methods have been used: analysis of the development of communicative culture of elementary school teacher, more specifically students at Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University (Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine), participants questionnaires, various diagnostic methods, pedagogical experiment, as well as statistical methods. 92 students of the pedagogical faculty of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian University participated in the experimental work. The results of the experimental work confirmed the effectiveness of the technology of culture dialogue in the formation of communicative culture of prospective primary school teachers.

Radley Horton,1,a Daniel Bader,1,a Yochanan Kushnir,2 Christopher Little,3 Reginald Blake,4 and Cynthia Rosenzweig5 1Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY. 2Ocean and Climate Physics Department, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY. 3Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA. 4Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, Brooklyn, NY. 5Climate Impacts Group, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University Earth Institute, New York, NY

The rapid urbanization of the Earth has led to highly populated cities that act as concentrated centers of anthropogenic stressors on the environment. Much of these stressors originate from nonlinear coupling between man-made urban elements (i.e., networks of engineering and socio-economic infrastructures) and the natural environment. An urban area can be treated as a system of urban elements (or elemental systems), and simple interactions between the latter may lead to complex outcomes, known as emergent properties, in the former. Emergent properties of urban systems play an important role in determining their resilience and sustainability, studies on which require an in-depth knowledge of dynamics, interdependencies and feedbacks of urban elements as well as development of quantitative holistic models to integrate such knowledge to predict the overall system response. To facilitate this demanding effort, it is proposed to initiate a new sub-discipline within the discipline of Earth System Engineering, with the portmanteau of Polimetrics, to deal with quantitative scientific aspects of urban systems. This paper discusses two examples of polimetrics related to urban fluid flows. The first deals with the urban heat island and the other with storm surges in coastal cities.

MODIS detected surface urban heat islands and sinks: Global locations and controls

The role of soil in defining planetary boundaries and the safe operating space for humanity

Urban areas face unprecedented challenges due to the combination of growing cities and climate change, with impacts ranging from heatwaves and extreme precipitation to sea-level rise and urban flooding. Artificial surfaces in cities and the differences in the surface structure cause urban areas to overheat significantly compared to rural areas and lead to a high inner-city air temperature variability. As climate change and heat forcing increase, the urban heat island effect will intensify in the future. Understanding the future climate scenarios is crucial for effective planning of adaptation and mitigation strategies.Climate projections referred to as Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) do not accurately represent urban-scale climate variables. Computational constraints and limitations in simulating the complexity of earth system processes limit the spatial resolution of climate projections to the order of 10 – 100 km and the time resolution to a daily basis. Hence, climate models are not able to fully resolve the urban heat island effect and the urban air temperature variability which occur on a micro-scale.This work highlights the importance of downscaled climate prediction data to capture localized effects and uncertainties associated with urban areas. Downscaling climate models to building-level is done by combining the meteoblue City Climate Model (mCCM) - a dynamic statistical downscaling model - with climate projections in the framework of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).The mCCM is based on a high-resolution model grid with a horizontal resolution of 10 m. It resolves the differences in the surface energy budget and help understanding the air temperature variability and dynamics in an urban environment. The model is fully driven by surface texture parameters derived from high-resolution satellites and meso-scale NWP models. In this framework, the climate signal of CMIP6 data is added to the hourly air temperature time series of the mCCM. This allows the calculation of temperature-related climate indices on a high-resolution grid of 10 m for future time periods and various SSP scenarios. Furthermore, this approach allows to estimate the probability that certain climate indices such as e.g., number of tropical nights, or number of hot days reach a critical threshold.Enhancing the mCCM with climate predictions creates a reliable information basis for city planners, decision makers, and companies. It helps cities become more resilient, sustainable, and adaptable in the face of a changing climate, ultimately improving the quality of life for urban residents.

Urbanization in Egypt detracts from green spaces, reduces the per capita green ratio, and increases adverse effects such as heat islands, air pollution, and energy consumption. In addition, it affects social human comfort issues. In this context, building rooftops is a potential solution that could reduce the impact of green space scarcity. Such a solution has multiple evidence-based environmental, economic, and social benefits. Consequently, numerous governmental and private initiatives have spread the rooftop greening concept in Egypt. These initiatives have adopted several planting systems, such as soil-based, deep-water culture, and nutrient film technique systems. This manuscript examines these prevalent systems through environmental, economic and social lenses. This paper pioneers a user-centric tool to facilitate the system selection that aligns with individual needs. An analysis was conducted to ascertain the value of various factors influencing system choice, encompassing a literature review, expert opinion solicitation, market survey, and energy simulation. The Analytical Hierarchy Processes methodology was proposed to appraise the factors, aiding in arriving at an informed decision. The paper presents a novel contribution by studying many factors spanning diverse scientific domains. Furthermore, creating an accessible decision-support tool encapsulates a substantial addition to the body of knowledge.

Initiation of a differentiated function (hyaluronic acid synthesis) by hybrid formation in culture