Abstract
Obesity, usually indicated by a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2, is a worsening global health issue. It leads to chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Conventional treatments for obesity include physical activity and maintaining a negative energy balance. However, physical activity alone cannot determine body weight as several other factors play a role in the overall energy balance. Alternatively, weight loss may be achieved by medication and surgery. However, these options can be expensive or have side effects. Therefore, dietary factors, including dietary modifications, nutraceutical preparations, and functional foods have been investigated recently. For example, edible mushrooms have beneficial effects on human health. Polysaccharides (essentially β-D-glucans), chitinous substances, heteroglycans, proteoglycans, peptidoglycans, alkaloids, lactones, lectins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, terpenes, phenols, nucleotides, glycoproteins, proteins, amino acids, antimicrobials, and minerals are the major bioactive compounds in these mushrooms. These bioactive compounds have chemo-preventive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Consumption of edible mushrooms reduces plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and plasma glucose levels. Polysaccharides from edible mushrooms suppress mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, contributing to their anti-obesity properties. Therefore, edible mushrooms or their active ingredients may help prevent obesity and other chronic ailments.
Highlights
Obesity is an illness in which the amount of body fat is elevated
Exopolysaccharides were extracted from mushrooms and tested on diabetes-induced mice
The mice hyperlipidemic model was established to study the effects of mycelia zinc polysaccharide on lipid profile and oxidative stress
Summary
Obesity is an illness in which the amount of body fat is elevated. it increases the risk of other illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and CVD. Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic ailment characterised by secondary complications, gut epithelial hyperpermeability, and dysregulation of digestive microbiota It has become a global issue due to the consumption of high-fat food and lack of sufficient physical activity worldwide. It causes increased incidences of lifestyle disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, and cancer, usually resulting in reduced lifespan [2]. When taken for a year, orlistat, the most commonly used long-term anti-obesogenic medication, reduces body weight by 3% on average. It may cause gastrointestinal side effects, subacute liver failure, and acute renal damage. The procedure is expensive, physically intrusive, and not suitable for most people who are overweight
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