Abstract
Almost all world-famous species of edible mycorrhizal mushrooms (EMMs), or closely related species, are growing naturally in China. These include black truffles in the Tuber indicum complex (sister species to T. melanosporum), and T. sinoaestivum (closely related to T. aestivum), Tricholoma matsutake, Boletus edulis, the Amanita hemibapha complex (closely related to A. caesarea), Cantharellus cibarius, Lyophyllum shimeji, Lactarius deliciosus, and Lactarius hatsudake (closely related to L. sanguifluus). In addition, China has her own unique EMM species. Tuber panzhihuanense, for example, a good edible white truffle belonging to the T. borchii group, has been recently described and commercialized in China. Thelephora ganbajun is one of the most likeable and expensive EMMs in Yunnan. Scleroderma yunnanense, possibly the world’s only edible species in this genus, is extensively harvested for food and trading in Yunnan. In China, EMMs are delicacies and important sources of livelihood for farmers. This chapter gives a brief introduction to Chinese EMMs.
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