Abstract
• The dairy formula restored learning and memory impairment induced by AlCl 3 in rats. • It can reduce lipid peroxidation in the brain of AlCl 3 -treated rats. • And increase the total antioxidant capacity in the brain of AlCl 3 -treated rats. • A reduction of the matrix metalloproteinase in AlCl 3 -treated rats was observed. • The formula reversed histological alterations in the brain of AlCl 3 -treated rats. This study investigates the potential protective effects of a dairy formula fortified with virgin coconut oil (VCO) against aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 )-induced Alzheimer. Forty-two Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups which received the fortified formula, VCO, the standard drug (rivastigmine), AlCl 3 and a combination of these variants with AlCl 3 . Different chemical, biochemical, behavioral and histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were conducted in this study. Results showed that VCO contains 61.0% medium chain triglycerides, 49.8 mg eq./kg total phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity (DDPH, IC 50 ) was 53.7 µg/ml. Compared to AlCl 3 treated rats, the fortified dairy formula improved the cognitive abilities, increased the serum ketone levels, reduced lipid peroxidation, reduced matrix metalloproteinase (2 and 9) enzyme activity, reversed histological alterations in brain and activate immunohistochemical Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade. Overall, the results showed that the developed dairy formula fortified with VCO can induce beneficial effects for cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
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