Abstract
Important for soil quality, the edaphic fauna is indicative of an environment in equilibrium. The study aimed to identify the macrofauna and mesofauna organisms of the soil in a fragment of riparian forest. The work was carried out in a fragment of ciliary forest on the farm Tamanduá, municipality of Santa Terezinha, Paraíba. The macrofauna was quantified in soil samples collected at different depths (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) using the TSBF method. For the mesofauna was collected randomly in the same area, samples of soil + litter in the depths 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm using metal rings. The design was completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 seasons, 2 depths), with 5 replicates, the means being compared by the Tukey test. The main orders of the macrofauna were: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera, and Enquitreídeos being the order of greater proportion in the two depths to Hymenoptera. There were a higher population and diversity of soil macrofauna in the superficial layer (0-5 cm). For the mesofauna were found in the samples organisms belonging to the groups Acarina and Collembola, being the order Acarina the most representative in the two depths evaluated. The environment of riparian forest presents greater diversity and density of macrofauna and mesofauna of the soil in the layer of 0.0-5.0 cm of depth, which presents greater food supply and conditions favorable to the survival of these organisms.
Highlights
In the riparian forests, there is a higher number and diversity of plant species, than is generally found in nearby areas
Riparian zones are considered a refuge for fauna diversity, especially in semi-arid regions that experience long periods of drought (Lima, 2009). These environments are crucial for edaphic fauna, sheltering them and protecting them from high temperatures, solar radiation, and low soil moisture
In the area with reforestation with Pinus sp, they verified that only the layer closest to the soil surface (0.0-0.1 m) presented diversity, density, and richness of groups significantly higher than in relation to the other extracts
Summary
In the riparian forests, there is a higher number and diversity of plant species, than is generally found in nearby areas. Riparian zones are considered a refuge for fauna diversity, especially in semi-arid regions that experience long periods of drought (Lima, 2009) These environments are crucial for edaphic fauna, sheltering them and protecting them from high temperatures, solar radiation, and low soil moisture. The preferred location of edaphic soil fauna in the superficial layers in the different environments is mainly due to the contribution of litter to the fact that these organisms provide favorable oxygen conditions and greater availability of food, favoring a greater proliferation of this community. It acts on the physical and chemical improvements of the soil where they are (Borges et al, 2016)
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