Economics of fish production demand and trade in terai region of Nepal

The in-pond raceway system (IPRS) is a modern aquaculture innovation that enables high-density fish culture while maintaining optimal water quality. It presents a promising solution for enhancing fish production efficiency in land- and resource-constrained regions like Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the economic performance of culturing multiple freshwater fish species in IPRS cell and pond systems over a 120-day period, from October 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023, in Sharsha, Jashore, Bangladesh. A total of 2,46,862 individuals of Labeo rohita, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Channa striata, and Clarias batrachus were stocked in an IPRS cell (0.132 ha) and fed a commercial feed three times daily. Simultaneously, 16,000 individuals of L. rohita, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Oreochromis mossambicus were stocked in the adjacent IPRS pond (2.26 ha), which received no feed but relied on natural plankton and waste feed from the cell. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and transparency were monitored every 15 days throughout the study. At the end of the culture cycle, fish production reached 68,621 kg in the IPRS cell and 22,332 kg in the IPRS pond. The total costs and net benefits were BDT 50,53,517 and BDT 99,78,388 for the cell, and BDT 4,75,163 and BDT 29,60,265 for the pond, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) was 1.97 for the IPRS cell and 6.23 for the IPRS pond. When combined, the IPRS cell with pond system yielded a net benefit of BDT 1,29,38,653 with a CBR of 2.34. The study concludes that integrated culture in IPRS cell and pond maximizes both resource efficiency and economic return. These findings highlight the potential of climate-smart IPRS technology, especially the integrated model, as a scalable and profitable aquaculture solution for developing regions. It offers a sustainable strategy for increasing fish production, reducing input costs, and improving rural livelihoods through employment generation and food security.

The study investigated the technical efficiency of female catfish growers in Delta State, Nigeria. Data have been obtained using questionnaires from 112 female catfish farmers who have been randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis as well as the stochastic model have been used in the analysis of data. The results showed that the mean age, farming experience and household size of the female fish farmers were 42 years old, 8 years and 6 persons respectively. Most of the participants are married and educated. The gross margin and net farm income were N490,378.46 and N416,242.82k respectively. With a rate of return on investment and a BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) of 0.64 and 1.64, fish farming was found to be profitable. The Stochastic frontier outcome showed that the size of the pond, fingerlings, feed and water supply had a significant and positive effect on fish production, while the cost of medication had an inverse relationship with fish production. Age, education and household size have been found to increase technical performance, while technical inefficiency is increased by distance from farm location and credit access. The finding further revealed that a female fish farmer had a technical efficiency of 53.5% in the area of study. This is a signal that by implementing the technologies practiced by the best farmers, fish productivity can be improved by about 46.5% by the farmers. The coefficient of elasticity was 0.567, which indicated that the female catfish farmers were in Phase II. The failure of farmers to reach the production frontier may however be due to certain factors, including insufficient funding, high feed costs, water supply and fingerlings shortages. On the basis of the results, female fish farmers should be supported by means of professional training in fish production practices to ensure that their resources are optimally utilized.

The fishing industry is identified as a strategic sector to raise domestic protein production and supply in Malaysia. Global changes in climatic variables have impacted and continue to impact marine fish and aquaculture production, where machine learning (ML) methods are yet to be extensively used to study aquatic systems in Malaysia. ML-based algorithms could be paired with feature importance, i.e., (features that have the most predictive power) to achieve better prediction accuracy and can provide new insights on fish production. This research aims to develop an ML-based prediction of marine fish and aquaculture production. Based on the feature importance scores, we select the group of climatic variables for three different ML models: linear, gradient boosting, and random forest regression. The past 20 years (2000–2019) of climatic variables and fish production data were used to train and test the ML models. Finally, an ensemble approach named voting regression combines those three ML models. Performance matrices are generated and the results showed that the ensembled ML model obtains R2 values of 0.75, 0.81, and 0.55 for marine water, freshwater, and brackish water, respectively, which outperforms the single ML model in predicting all three types of fish production (in tons) in Malaysia.

A decadal outlook for global aquaculture

Inland aquaculture has great potential in India, but high feed costs is often a challenge for rearing fish. However, fish-based integrated organic farming systems (IOFS) can reduce production costs and sustain fish production. A four-year study explored sustainable fish-based IOFS in Coimbatore, India. The study utilised three existing ponds (each 300 m2) in an organic farming area to rear fish, poultry birds in cages above the ponds, and to grow horticultural crops on the dykes of the pond (40 m2). The investigation examined three fish-based IOFS models: Fish + Japanese quails + horticultural crops (Model 1), Fish + ducks + horticultural crops (Model 2), and Fish + Desi chickens + horticultural crops (Model 3). The results revealed that Model 1 showed the best performance in terms of production and income from the fish, while Model 3 showed higher production and income from the poultry and horticultural crops. The overall system performance indicators, including gross return (INR 50,872 unit−1 year−1), net return (INR 38,319 unit−1 year−1), benefit–cost ratio (3.05), fish equivalent yield (339.2 kg unit−1 year−1), production efficiency (1.13 kg day−1), economic efficiency (INR 127.7 day−1), and sustainable value index (0.82) were highest in Model 3. Therefore, integrating fish with Desi chickens and horticultural crops in an organic production system was recommended as a sustainable option for increasing farmers’ income in tropical and sub-tropical India.

This study examined the status of fish farming in Katsina State with a view to understanding the current practices, management, operation, and constraints to its sustainable development. All the active and accessible fish farms in the state, thirty-two in number were visited and data was collected through the administration of structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics; frequency and percentage. The result showed that most of the respondents were male (87.5%) with a mean age of 41 years. The majority of the respondents (59%) are graduates of higher institutions and married (75%) with a mean household size of nine. Most of the respondents (56.3%) were owners of the farms with the majority of them (59.4%) gaining knowledge of fish farming on the job. The production technique and species cultured indicated that monoculture of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) accounts for 84.4% with concrete tanks being the most used culture facility (34.4%). The majority of the respondents (62.5%) had grow-out units with 68.8% of their culture system being stagnant renewal. Most of the respondents (90.6%) had two sources of water with 71.9% never carrying out any water quality management. The high cost of feeding was adjudged a major constraint by the respondents, while disease infestation, inadequate technical expertise, marketing, and inadequate capital were classified as minor constraints. There is a gradual development in aquaculture production in the state, especially in terms of practices, operation and management, although, the development appears to be at a slow pace.

Previous studies have focussed on different aspects of fisheries production in several countries. However, the literature has been largely silent on the persistence of fisheries production, which has numerous important policy implications. In this article, we examine time series data corresponding to fisheries production in a group of 31 OECD countries. The analysis focuses on three distinct production series for each country: total fisheries production, aquaculture production, and capture fisheries production, and the time period spans from 1960 to 2020. Using fractional integration methods, the empirical findings provide evidence for persistence in fisheries production and its two components in the majority of the OECD countries examined. Persistence is observed in 29 countries in the case of the total fisheries production, 28 countries in the case of capture fisheries production, and 28 countries in the case of aquaculture production. Evidence of mean reversion is observed in Chile and Colombia for the total fisheries production, and in Belgium, Colombia, and Israel for the capture fisheries production. There is support for mean reversion in aquaculture production data for France, the Netherlands and Poland. An implication of the results is that shocks to the fisheries production or its components are permanent or long-term in nature. Therefore, long-term measures are need to address any disruptions in the fishery sector.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The agri-food sector, which includes fishing and aquaculture, poses challenges in improving the food quality and restructure markets. Currently, we have the opportunity to understand the food crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and to promote a paradigm shift in food and markets, which leads to the changes generation in the food economic system, transformation of markets and rapprochement of producers with consumers. One of the ways to bring the producer and the consumer closer to each other, is precisely to know and characterize their consumption, by conducting market studies. A market study is a systematic investigation based on the information collection and data analysis related to the outstanding characteristics of the market to which a company or a sector is directed, which allows us to know and characterize the tastes and preferences in the population consumption. <strong>Objective:</strong> To diagnose the perceptions and preferences on the fish and shellfish consumption in the Mexicali city, Baja California, Mexico. <strong>Methodology:</strong> To get the required information, surveys were applied at four points in Mexicali. The study was carried out with cluster analysis using the statistical package for social sciences. It was obtained that three clusters were separated from each other and are statistically different (98.5% of the analyzed data). <strong>Results: </strong>The first conglomerate comprises 61.77% of those surveyed, while the second 27.94% and the remaining 10.29% were in the third conglomerate. Cluster 2 represents the population that consumes the most fish and shellfish, followed by cluster 1 and those of cluster 3, which consumes less fish and/or shellfish. In order of importance, the most relevant variables to explain on the three clusters are: differences between fishery products vs aquaculture, presentation of consumption and date of acquisition. <strong>Implications: </strong>This study provides a baseline for future market research in Baja California where trends in consumer buying behavior are analyzed, as well as contributing to the recognition of problems, identification of opportunities and improvement in decision-making by consumers, aquaculture producers and fishermen (or fishing sector). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results show that there is a lack of knowledge in the population on fishery and aquaculture products. Therefore, there is a tremendous area of opportunity to publicize information about the fishery and aquaculture products in the different media communication. Especially to their nutritional and health benefits.</p>

Simple SummaryThis review aims to provide practical information and viewpoints regarding fish germ cell transplantation for enhancing its commercial applications. We reviewed and summarized the data from more than 70 important studies and described the advantages, obstacles, recent advances, and future perspectives of fish germ cell transplantation. We concluded and proposed the critical factors for achieving better success and various options for germ cell transplantation with their pros and cons. Additionally, we discussed why this technology has not actively been utilized for commercial purposes, what barriers need to be overcome, and what potential solutions can advance its applications in aquaculture.Germ cell transplantation technology enables surrogate offspring production in fish. This technology has been expected to mitigate reproductive barriers, such as long generation time, limited fecundity, and complex broodstock management, enhancing seed production and productivity in aquaculture. Many studies of germ cell transplantation in various fish species have been reported over a few decades. So far, surrogate offspring production has been achieved in many commercial species. In addition, the knowledge of fish germ cell biology and the related technologies that can enhance transplantation efficiency and productivity has been developed. Nevertheless, the commercial application of this technology still seems to lag behind, indicating that the established models are neither beneficial nor cost-effective enough to attract potential commercial users of this technology. Furthermore, there are existing bottlenecks in practical aspects such as impractical shortening of generation time, shortage of donor cells with limited resources, low efficiency, and unsuccessful surrogate offspring production in some fish species. These obstacles need to be overcome through further technology developments. Thus, we thoroughly reviewed the studies on fish germ cell transplantation reported to date, focusing on the practicality, and proposed potential solutions and future perspectives.

This review describes the present status of fisheries in Iran. Iranian fisheries include the Cas-pian Sea, the Southern Seas (the Persian Gulf, the Oman Sea and the Indian Ocean), inland wa-ter fisheries and aquaculture. Fish production in Iran enlarged from about 400000 mt in 1997 to 562000 mt in 2008. However, it was 451.189 ±66.625 mt annually between 1997 and 2008. The most important fish species in the Caspian Sea are kutum, grey mullets, Sturgeon and kil-ka. Tuna fishes are predominated in the Southern Seas. Chinese carps and rainbow trout are the most important fish in aquaculture and freshwater fishery. The catch composition of the Caspi-an Sea includes especially bony fishes species and Sturgeons. These fish species are also based on the artificial propagation to produce fry and fingerling for restocking. In recent years, there has also been an increase in the aquaculture production and fishery industry in Iran. For exam-ple, annual mean production of fry and fingerling between 1997 and 2008 was 541.874 ± 254.450 million. The production of kutum fry and fingerling was the most abundant with an-nual average 182.731 ±42.699 million. After 1997, the production of shrimp post larva was 524.2 ±349.9 per year. In addition, the consumption of fisheries production per person per year and annual average of exported fisheries production value (61.43 ±14.39 million $) also in-creased after 1997.

Authentication of fishery and aquaculture products by multi-element and stable isotope analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate and explore the connection between aquaculture and capture fisheries production and economic growth in Pakistan. Fisheries play an important role in Pakistan’s national economy, and Pakistan has sufficient fishery resources to be developed. Most of the population in the coastal areas depends on fisheries for their livelihood.Design/methodology/approachThis research was based on time series data of aquaculture and capture fisheries production and the analysis of their relationship with economic growth in Pakistan. The study used an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to check the dynamic causality between the study variables.FindingsThe results showed that aquaculture and capture fisheries production have had a positive effect on the economic growth in Pakistan.Practical implicationsBetter infrastructure for the fishing industry, increased government expenditure on facilities and financial support for the fish farmers could contribute to economic growth in the future. Recommendations for improvements in these areas have been made.Originality/valueBy using an ARDL bounds testing approach, this study contributes to the literature regarding fisheries production and economic growth in Pakistan.

Background. The viviparous sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821), is a popular ornamental fish that thrives in a wide range of salinities. It is well known that salt water of intermediate salinity (25&permil;) is suitable for mollies, especially for healthy breeding. Nutrition has been recognized to have a profound effect upon gonadal development and fry production in fish. Hence, the present work was carried out to evaluate the suitability of different practical diets, such as oyster meat, live tubificid worms, and formulated feed, on fry production, gestation period, and growth performance of P. latipinna in salt water. Materials and methods. Materials and Methods. A trial was conducted on P. latipinna in salt water (25&permil; salinity) to evaluate the suitability of oyster meat, live tubificid worms, formulated feed, and a mixture of these three diets, on breeding and growth. Results. Irrespective of diet, the gestation period was consistently 28 days. Maximum fry yield (460 fry) and better growth performance was obtained in brooders and juveniles respectively fed mixed diet. A positive correlation existed between the loss of weight due to spawning in the brooders and fry production in all dietary treatments. Among the dietary treatments there was a significant difference (P < 0.005) in growth performance parameters, such as weight gain [g], food conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR). Conclusion. Among the four dietary treatments, the mixed diet performed well in both breeding and rearing experiments. Hence in commercial breeding units, mixed feeding regimen could be adopted with mollies in salt water.

The objective of this paper is to present the issues of fish consumption in the ECOWAS region and Mauritania in the context of overexploitation of fishery resources, significant population growth, and increasing food and nutritional insecurity. The method involved compiling data on production (fishing and aquaculture), foreign trade in fishery products, and population to define net supply and apparent consumption. Numerical assumptions were made to project consumption trends up to 2030. The assumptions were based on the identification of past and recent fish consumption trends, incorporating political, ecological, and economic events that could impact the standard of living of West African populations. The results indicate that the production of fishery and aquaculture products in the ECOWAS region and Mauritania increased from 2.1 million to 3.6 million between 2008 and 2022, driven by significant catches in Mauritania and the burgeoning aquaculture industries in Nigeria and Ghana. The reliance on imports to compensate for the production deficit has grown increasingly important. Imports now exceed exports by a factor of three, with an average of 1.9 million tonnes imported compared to 0.6 million exported between 2009 and 2022. Despite a notable increase in fishery product exports from Senegal and Mauritania, this rise has not been sufficient to offset the negative trade balance of the region, exacerbated by substantial growth in imports from Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Nigeria. Even with the significant imports, per capita consumption within ECOWAS and Mauritania has decreased from 14 kg to 11 kg between 2008 and 2022. This decline in consumption is projected to continue in the coming decade, dropping to less than 9 kg by 2030. The current state of overexploitation of fish stocks, ecosystem degradation, climate change, and significant population growth do not favor an improvement in fish consumption over the next decade. However, meeting the ever-increasing demand for fishery products in West Africa is possible if radical changes are implemented at the forefront of decision-making processes.

Challenges and opportunities for the conservation of marine mammals in the Southeast Pacific with the entry into force of the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act