Abstract
An integrated economic/ecological model is developed to address tradeoffs between biodiversity conservation and two marketable rangeland ecosystem services: cattle grazing and elk hunting. The ecology is represented by an eleven species food web in which individual optimizing plants and animals engage in competitive and predator/prey relationships. A manager maximizes social welfare based on grazing profits, hunter net benefits, and conserving biodiversity in a natural ecosystem. The ecological model defines a steady-state set of sustainable grazing and hunting choices, but biodiversity conservation may reduce the feasible set. In a numerical application with real economic and biological data from the Western United States, the ecologically sustainable set constrains the short term economic optimum.
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