Economic Development and Production Issue, Crime, and Policing: Global Perspectives

Financial inclusion has emerged as a crucial driver of economic growth and development across the globe. By providing individuals and businesses access to affordable financial services, financial inclusion fosters economic stability, reduces poverty, and promotes inclusive growth. This paper reviews the role of financial inclusion in economic development, examines global trends, challenges, and policy interventions, and provides recommendations for enhancing financial accessibility worldwide. Financial inclusion has emerged as a crucial driver of economic growth and development across the globe. By providing individuals and businesses access to affordable financial services, financial inclusion fosters economic stability, reduces poverty, and promotes inclusive growth. This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between financial inclusion and economic development from a global perspective. By examining cross-country experiences, policy innovations, and digital financial trends, the study aims to identify the catalysts and constraints that shape financial inclusivity in various socio-economic contexts. The ultimate objective is to present a comprehensive analysis that informs policy design and global cooperation toward equitable and resilient financial systems. The primary goal of this research paper is to critically analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and economic development from a global perspective, with the aim of identifying the mechanisms through which inclusive financial systems contribute to sustainable, equitable, and resilient economic growth. This study seeks to, Examine global trends, regional disparities, and the socio-economic impacts of financial inclusion and evaluate the effectiveness of financial inclusion policies, technologies, and institutional frameworks across diverse economies and also highlight best practices and strategic interventions that have successfully promoted inclusive finance.

The East Asian model of economic development focuses on 5 shared characteristics that seem significant in the contemporary economic development of Japan Taiwan and Korea. They are economic characteristics and include 1) high investment ratios 2) small public sectors 3) competitive labor markets 4) export expansion and 5) government intervention in the economy. Large and efficient investments in human capital and well-developed capacities to absorb new technology are 2 other economic features shared by The Three. One could add overcrowding (high man/land ratios) and scarcity of natural resources though these are handicaps rather than sources of economic strength. It is possible however that virtue springs from necessity and that ample arable land or abundant natural resources mainly permit governments to postpone the difficult decisions needed to promote development rather than provide the wherewithal needed to finance development. Other noneconomic characteristics of The Three such as ethnic and linguistic homogeneity relatively compact geography manageable population size and the Confucian tradition have not been considered in the model even though they have undoubtedly influenced labor productivity savings behavior and other aspects of economic performance. Whether the East Asian model ought to be followed depends on whether current and foreseeable circumstances are sufficiently like those faced by The Three to justify using the same policies that they used. Applicability of the East Asian model should also depend on whether the strategy employed by The Three has been responsible for their economic success. 2 aspects of the East Asian models policy features are noteworthy: 1) the policies typically work by influencing rather than replacing private market decisions and 2) the public expects government to intervene to influence economic growth.

Global Development, Converging Divergence and Development Studies: A Rejoinder

The UN World Water Development Report 2016, <i>Water and Jobs</i>: A Critical Review

This article provides a rare account of the law and development policies of North Korea. Much of North Korea has not been known to the outside world except its nuclear ambitions and political clashes with the United States and its allies. Little known to the outside world, North Korea achieved rapid economic development in the 1950s through early 60s, through effective mobilization of resources. However, since the 70s, North Korea experienced economic downturns that eventually led to its economic crisis in the 90s. This chapter provides a discussion of North Korea's early economic success and the subsequent problems that it experienced. The article also provides an analysis of possible economic reforms, public health and development issues, and the role of international trade in economic development in North Korea.

The relationship between finance and economic development is one of the central issues in economic history and development economics. Major questions concerned here are importance, direction, and p...

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the impact of high-speed railway on urban economy: Empirical study of Chinese cities

Following rapid growth, China's economy is entering a period of high-quality economic growth. High-quality economic development has a profound impact on China's current economic development. It can be said that the improvement of economic quality is an inevitable choice for China's new stage of economic development. From this point of view, promoting high-quality economic development has become an important practical issue in my country's current economic and social development. As the integration and innovation of digital technology and taxation, the blessing of digital technology maximizes integration and precision, which can effectively meet the needs of higher stages of economic development. Perfect and inclusive development has become an important support for sustainable and healthy economic development. At present, behind the rapid economic growth, human economic activities have led to the emergence of an ecological and environmental crisis. The growth mode characterized by high input, high consumption support, and high emissions has resulted in insufficient supply of regional ecological and environmental resources, pollution, and damage to the ecological environment and also intensified. Therefore, this paper first examines the concept of digital finance and its enlightenment to economic development, and believes that digital finance has a good role in promoting economic development. Second, an evaluation model for the relationship between environmental environment and economic development is established, and an evaluation index system is obtained. Finally, through the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of economic development and ecological environment, it is concluded that in the era of digital finance, the level of regional economic development has been greatly improved, and my country's regional economic development has been greatly improved, which is significantly faster than my country's ecological environment improvement level.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to identify the most common fields of study undertaken by researchers in scientific papers covering simultaneously the gig economy and sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: The research study used a structured literature review method. The structured bibliometric query Q1 allowed for the exploration of the Scopus database. As a result, 48 scientific studies from the period 2017-2023 were selected for analysis, which simultaneously addressed the issues of the gig economy and sustainable development. Findings: The analyses carried out showed that the issue of sustainable development is addressed in the context of the gig economy. This is a relatively new research area, as shown, for example, by the generated database of studies used for the bibliometric analyses conducted. The issues of sharing economy and decent work are important areas addressed in the context of the gig economy. It was noticed that there was a lack of author keywords covering 'green' issues. Research limitations/implications: Research results based on other databases (e.g. Web of Science) may lead to different results. It should be noted that the different bibliometric databases do not overlap, which is related to the indexing of scientific journals or publications in the databases. Nonetheless, a universal query was used in the study, which can be used in the various bibliometric databases once it has been adapted to their respective query form. In addition, the various databases are constantly being supplemented with new scientific papers, which also depends on the publishing process. Hence, the content of the Q1 query can in future be used for comparison purposes with the results obtained, or to compare different bibliometric databases with each other. Originality/value: In the discussion that followed, attention was drawn to the issues of green jobs and green self-employment. In the authors' opinion, such research directions, although not yet visible in the authors' keywords, will be developed soon in the context of studies covering the issues of the gig economy and sustainable development considering the green transformation of the economy taking place. This article is addressed to all those who are interested in the issues of the gig economy and sustainable development. Keywords: gig economy, green jobs, green labor market, green self-employment, sustainable development. Category of the paper: Literature review.

Climate policy. Getting serious about categorizing countries.

IntroductionIn this study, we constructed a Dynamic Network SBM (DNSBM) model. Such a model is essential to gain deeper insights into the complex interplay among economic development, food safety, and health production.MethodsUsing panel data from 30 provinces in China (2017–2020), we integrated economic development, food safety, and health production into a unified efficiency assessment framework.ResultsOur findings reveal that China's overall efficiency is low (0.504), with significant regional heterogeneity, presenting a pattern of high in the east and low in the west; the efficiency of economic development (0.288) significantly lags behind the efficiency of health production (0.694); and the efficiency of food safety risk control is weak (the efficiency of food inspection failure rate, the number of foodborne illness incidents and patients are 0.694, 0.368, and 0.428, respectively).DiscussionThe DNSBM model breaks through the limitations of traditional static analysis and provides a dynamic assessment tool for emerging economies to reconcile the contradiction of “economic growth resource consumption public health”. China's experience highlights the central role of government-led multi-sectoral collaboration, technological innovation, and balanced regional development. The study calls for integrating food safety governance into the global agenda and building a global food safety network through enhanced international cooperation (e.g., drawing on European Union standards, sharing of agricultural regulatory and digital testing technologies) to promote synergistic and sustainable development of the economy, health, and the environment, and contribute to the realization of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Legal and development issues in Indonesia are the cause of the occurrence of laws with various resources that must oversee development that is being carried out in developing countries so that legal studies are very important. This is done considering that developing countries are facing a transition from a traditional society to a modern society through economic development. Legal and development issues in Indonesia are the cause of the occurrence of laws with various resources that must oversee development that is being carried out in developing countries so that legal studies are very important. This is done considering that developing countries are facing a transition from a traditional society to a modern society through economic development. The research method uses data and information collection as well as data and information processing. The results of the research are the role of law in the economy, the role of law in economic development in terms of investment law, the role of law in economic development in terms of export-import law, the role of law in economic development in foreign exchange traffic and the legal function of strategy in economic development. Research methods using data and information collection as well as data and information processing. The results of the research are the role of law in the economy, the role of law in economic development in terms of investment law, the role of law in economic development in terms of export-import law, the role of law in economic development in foreign exchange traffic and the legal function of strategy in economic development.

Current Situation and Prospects of International Regulations on the Cross-border Flow of Personal Data

Introduction South Korea has been known for its successful economic development in the post-World War II world economy. In 1960, the country's gross domestic production (GDP) per capita was just US$156, lower than Ghana's. However, it has rapidly grown since then, reaching $25,977 in 2013. In 1996, South Korea joined the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and become only the second Asian member of this rich countries’ club, after Japan. South Korea's economic development was mainly driven by exporting manufacturing goods. The country's exports rose from $122 million in 1960 to $703 billion in 2013, with manufacturing accounting for more than 80 per cent of the exports. It has become one of the ten largest trading economies in the world. The rapid expansion of exports was largely attributable to the constant upgrading of export product composition to higher value-added, more technologically sophisticated products, which coincided with upgrading the country's industry structure to focus on high-tech sectors, such as electronics and information technology (IT). In this regard, South Korea is an example of successful ‘economic upgrading’, defined as moving up to higher value-added activities with improved technology, knowledge and skills (Gereffi, 2005). In explaining South Korea's economic growth, two opposite explanations have been presented. A market-based perspective highlights export-push strategies, openness to foreign investment and technology transfer as the key factors of the growth (World Bank, 1993). In contrast, state-centred views emphasize the key role of the state's active industrial policy in prodding local firms to upgrade and compete in global markets (Amsden, 1989; Chang, 1993; Evans, 1995). The debate following the economic crisis of the late 1990s centred on the development state was eclipsed by a ‘neoliberal turn’, or its strength was maintained with newly mandated roles (Chu, 2009; Kalinowski, 2008; Pirie, 2008). Missing in these explanations, however, is the role of global–local linkages in economic development (Hamilton and Gereffi, 2009). Economic development and industrial upgrading take place in a global economic context and through the interaction of global and local actors. Furthermore, just focusing on macro-economic settings or the role of the state fails to explain commonalities and differences in the patterns and trajectories of upgrading across different sectors and time periods.

This paper responds primarily to current innovations that have emerged in urban development policy during the last decades also in East-Central Europe. Prior to the change of the social regime, we notice more traditional approaches in the urban development policy - public consumption, economic development and environmental issues. Among current urban development challenges in this region we may focus on governance, city regions, and financialisation. Besides an outline of a general framework, their application is studied in the case of Bratislava. We argue that especially economic development and environmental issues were neglected in the urban development policy during the socialist period. More elementary development issues obtained priority as policy positions during the early transition period. Taking up more current challenges was delayed compared with western cities, and they have specific features. Nevertheless, it seems that cities in this region recognised the importance of the mutually multiplying effects of governance, city regionalism and financialisation in an urban development policy.