Economic Aspects, Social Aspects, and Management of Pulque at Points of Sale in Tlaxcala, Mexico

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of bee venom according to the keeping method and period. Method : The author observed microbial contamination of bee venom in nutrient agar, broth, YPD agar and YPD media and antibacterial activity for S. aureus, E. coli manufactured 12, 6 and 3 months ago as the two type of room temperature and cold storage. Results : 1. 1:3,000 and 1:4,000 diluted bee venom solution did not show microbial contamination both room temperature and cold storage within twelve months. 2. There was antibacterial activity of diluted bee venom for S. aureus in cold storage within twelve months and there was no antibacterial activity of diluted bee venom for S. aureus in twelve months, room temperature storage. 3. We could not observe the zone of inhibition around paper disc of all for E.coli. in 1:3,000, 1:30,000 and 1:3,000,000 diluted bee venom solution, respectively. According to results, we expect that diluted bee venom solution is stable both cold and room temperature storage within twelve months.

To explore the optimal storage condition and time of umbilical cord blood from collection to preparation. Collect cord blood samples from 30 healthy newborns, with each new born's umbilical cord blood was divided into two parts on average. One part was stored in cold storage (4 ℃) and the other was stored at room temperature (20-24 ℃). Samples were taken at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h, respectively, total nucleated cells (TNC) count and TNC viability was analyzed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of viable CD34+ cells to viable CD45+ cells and viability of CD34+ cells, and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) count was performed by hematopoietic progenitor cell colony culture. The change trend of each index over time was observed, and the differences in each index was compared between cold storage and room temperature storage under the same storage time. The TNC count (r 4 ℃=-0.9588， r 20-24 ℃=-0.9790), TNC viability (r 4 ℃=-0.9941， r 20-24 ℃=-0.9970), CD34+ cells viability (r 4 ℃=-0.9932， r 20-24 ℃=-0.9828) of cord blood stored in cold storage (4 ℃) and room temperature storage (20-24 ℃) showed a consistent downward trend with the prolongation of storage time. The percentage of viable CD34+ cells (r 4 ℃=0.9169， r 20-24 ℃=0.7470) and CFU-GM count (r 4 ℃=-0.2537， r 20-24 ℃=-0.8098) did not show consistent trends. When the storage time was the same, the TNC count, TNC viability, CD34+ cells viability and CFU-GM count of cord blood stored in cold storage were higher than those stored at room temperature. Under the same storage time (24, 36, 48, 60 or 72 h), TNC viability in room temperature storage was significantly lower than that in cold storage (P <0.001), but TNC count, percentage of viable CD34+ cells and CFU-GM count were not significantly different between room temperature storage and cold storage. When stored at room temperature for 24 h and 36 h, the viability of CD34+ cells was significantly lower than that in cold storage (P <0.001, P <0.01), when the storage time for 48, 60 and 72 h, there was no significant difference in the CD34+ cells viability between room temperature storage and cold storage. It is recommended that cord blood be stored in cold storage (4 ℃) from collection to preparation, and processed as soon as possible.

Volatile profiling of Lentinula edodes during cold storage: An integrated GC/MS and transcriptomic analysis

Prior to being inserted in the recipient site, grafts are typically stored for hours <i>ex vivo</i> at a cold temperature (4°C). However, previous research has suggested that room temperature storage may deliver similar results. Here, I describe a study on three patients to examine whether grafts (2-hair follicles each) have better survival after being stored in a cold (4°C, 330 hair follicles) or a room-temperature (21°C, 330 hair follicles) environment during surgery. I additionally examined whether hair follicles that received one of six different stressors (800 follicles) could be “rescued” by cold or room temperature storage. Results demonstrated that the follicles stored at room temperature survived significantly better (90.9%) than those stored at a cold temperature (80.3%). Neither temperature proved better for follicles that were stressed. In sum, chilling our graft storage solution may not be the best choice when we can achieve consistent superior survival with room-temperature storage.

Mangoes are harvested when ripe have an "eating quality" that consumers are them in, but quickly reach the senescence phase, making it less profitable for businesses. As a climacteric fruit, the ripening process of mango can be slowed down by using an ethylene adsorber. This study aims to determine the combination of zeolite-KMnO4 and silica gel as ethylene adsorber (EAB) to maintain the green life of ripe The material used is ethylene adsorber (EAB) which is applied to mango arumanis which is packaged with a weight package of 1000±50 g. After the shelf life is reached, the EAB is removed from the packaging and the mangoes are left at room temperature for natural ripening and continued until conditions are not acceptable to consumers. The results showed that the EAB application was able to maintain the green life of mangoes by the scenario of the shelf life both at cold and room temperature storage. Natural ripening of mango was achieved 5 days and 2 days after EAB was removed from the packaging, for cold and room temperature storage, respectively. The length of time until the panellists did not receive it was 20 days for cold storage and 12 days for the room, while the control for cold storage was 6 and 3 days at room temperature

Although screening of donated blood for syphilis is almost universally applied, its cost-effectiveness is questioned because of the low prevalence of transfusion-transmitted syphilis and a widespread belief that the syphilis-causing bacterium Treponema pallidum is very vulnerable to cold storage. Since the latter claim is not yet supported by a systematic review, we investigated whether syphilis can be transmitted via transfusion following prolonged (cold or room temperature) storage of blood products. MEDLINE, PMC and NCBI bookshelf (PubMed interface), Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched up to 17 January 2023. Nine experimental animal studies and one observational human study were included. Meta-analysis showed that storing artificially infected human (six studies; risk ratio [RR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.64, p = 0.0003) or rabbit (two studies; RR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.55, p = 0.01) blood for more than 72 h before intratesticular injection significantly decreased the number of recipient animals that develop syphilis. Nonetheless, the possibility of syphilis transmission remained for up to 7 days. Differences could not be found for rabbit plasma (p = 0.60) or naturally infected rabbit blood (p = 0.28). There was limited evidence from one study in favour of the storage of artificially infected human platelets for over 72 h at cold temperatures (RR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.52, p = 0.004) but not at room temperature (p = 0.12). Even though the infectivity of T. pallidum-spiked blood may decrease after 72 h of cold storage, the possibility for transfusion-transmitted syphilis may remain for several days after. The evidence is very uncertain, and conclusions are hindered by a lack of sufficiently powered studies and studies in humans. In addition, T. pallidum concentrations used in animal studies may be unrealistically high.

This research aims to know the relation between Prima Tani media communications and accessibility of farmerinstitution with farmer perception about technology introduction of Rural Agribusiness Industrial. In this research tofind characteristic personal, Prima Tani of media communications and accessibility of farmer institution influencingfarmer perception about technology introduction of Rural Agribusiness Industrial in province of West Java and SouthSulawesi. Result of research indicates: nonformal education has correlation with perception of cooperator farmer inWest Java. Ages, formal and nonformal education has negative correlation with perception of noncooperator farmerin West Java at economic and social aspect. In South Sulawesi, formal education and experience of farm hascorrelation with perception of cooperator farmer at economic aspect, average income and land use field hascorrelation with social aspect. Average income and land use status has negative correlation with noncooperatorfarmer perception in social aspect and land use status at social aspect, land use status has correlation withnoncooperator farmer perception at economic aspect. In West Java, spread out technology and clinic agribusinesshas correlation with perception of cooperator farmer with biophysic and economic aspect. Prima Tani mediacommunications has correlation with biophysic and social aspect. Spread out technological and Prima Tani mediacommunication has correlation with perception of noncooperator farmer in West Java at social aspect, clinicagribusiness has correlation with noncooperator farmer in economic aspect. In South Sulawesi, spread outtechnological has correlation with biophysic and social aspect. Prima Tani media communications and clinicagribusiness has correlation with perception of cooperator farmer at social and economic aspect. In West Java,accessibility of farmer institution has correlation with perception of cooperator farmer in biophysic, social andeconomic aspect. Accessibility of farmer institution has correlation with noncooperator farmer perception in socialand economic aspect. In South Sulawesi, accessibility of farmer institution has correlation with cooperator farmerperception in social and biophysic aspect.

Stability of hydrolytic enzyme activity and microbial phosphorus during storage of tropical rain forest soils

Camu-camu ( Myrciaria dubia ) is a wild fruit native to the Amazon, with great nutritional potential due to high ascorbic acid content. As transport reduces its shelf life and fresh consumption is limited because of high acidity, posing obstacles to commercialization, pulping and pasteurization can enhance its shelf life. This study aimed to verify camu-camu pulp stability after postpackage pasteurization, using high barrier polypropylene bags, assessing physical and chemical alterations caused by cold (5 oC), frozen (-18 oC), and room temperature (28 oC) storage for 45 days. Samples were pasteurized in tanks at 75 °C for 1 min and rapidly cooled to room temperature. Frozen pulp presented the best physical and chemical characteristics, but cold stored samples also showed promising results, maintaining the initial characteristics throughout the study. Room-temperature storage may be a cheaper option to preserve the product, provided that natural dyes and flavor enhancers are added, since pH and acidity did not change during storage.

Transfusion of cold-stored platelet concentrates (CS-PCs) appears effective in massively bleeding patients. However, few studies have evaluated their in vivo hemostatic function in severe thrombocytopenia. The in vivo function of plasma-depleted human PCs was evaluated in rabbits with a blocked reticuloendothelial system and busulfan-induced thrombocytopenia. On day 1, a human apheresis PC was processed in a platelet additive solution (PAS-PC) and split evenly for cold or room temperature storage (RTS). On days 3, 6, or 9, RTS- or CS-PAS-PCs were transfused (4.0 × 109 platelets/kg) after plasma depletion into two to four rabbits that developed adequate thrombocytopenia (<25 × 109 /L). Ear bleeding time was measured by two incisions in small veins. The hemostatic rate was defined as the percentage of rabbits achieving bleeding cessation within 600 s at either incision. The experiment was repeated using five different PCs on each storage day. The mean pre-transfusion rabbit platelet count was 8.6 ± 5.2 × 109 /L. The hemostatic rates with RTS- and CS-PAS-PCs were both 100% on day 3, 93 ± 15% and 73 ± 15% on day 6 (p=.07), and 65 ± 36% and 73 ± 37% on day 9 (p=.27), respectively, with no statistical differences. Total platelet counts were significantly lower after CS-PAS-PC than RTS-PAS-PC transfusion on all days (e.g., 58.7 ± 5.7 vs. 42.4 ± 14.7 × 109 /L, p=.0007, day 9), and did not reach 50 × 109 /L in several experiments. Platelet count increments correlated significantly with hemostatic efficacy for CS-PAS-PC transfusion only. CS-PAS-PCs might achieve similar hemostasis as RTS-PAS-PCs in thrombocytopenic patients with mild bleeding. Hemostatic efficacy could be improved by transfusing more CS-PAS-PCs.

‘Bartlett’ pears from different harvest dates were assessed regarding to cold storage potential and reduction of physiological disorder incidence. Three harvests, the first (HD1), second (HD2), and third (HD3), were carried out at weekly intervals. The pears were assessed after the harvest, with no exposition to the temperature conditioning, after 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 days at 0 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 5% RH and after three and six days at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C). Fruit from the early harvest (HD1) showed the smallest incidence of physiological disorder during both cold and room temperature storage. The disorder symptoms became apparent in HD1 fruit after 20 days at cold storage followed by three days at 20 °C, whereas HD2 and HD3 fruit showed the symptoms before being kept in a cold room. ‘Bartlett’ pears harvested at 70.75 N flesh firmness can be stored at 0 ± 1 °C for up to 40 days and preferably commercialized within three days, when they reach the firmness for eating. The extension of cold storage as well as the trade period can result in higher physiological disorder incidence and loss of sensorial quality.

The objectives of this research were to study the effect of storage temperature and pineapple extract on physicochemical, organoleptic, and total bacterial colony of curd. This study used factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors, with two replications. The results showed that storage temperature, pineapple extract and interaction affected significantly fat and protein content, total bacterial colonies, and organoleptis. Storage temperature significantly affected pH, while pineapple extract did not affect pH. The highest fat content wat at room temperature storage without the addition of pineapple extract, namely 12.91%, the highest protein content was at room temperature storage with the addition of 10% pineapple extract, namely 4.74%. Storage at cold temperatures with the addition of 2.5% pineapple extract produced the highest total colonies, namely 2.6 x 106 CFU. At room temperature storage, panelists tended to dislike the color, aroma, and texture of the curd. However, at refrigerator temperature storage, panelists preferred the color of the curd and really liked the taste. Panelists tended to like the curd both without pineapple extract and with pineapple extract. The addition of 7.5% pineapple extract and storage at cold temperatures resulted in a protein content of 4.78% and a fat content of 10.67% which met the National Yoghurt Quality Standard. Keywords: Lactic Acid Bacteria; Curd; Pineapple; Total Bacterial Colonies

Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) have become an attractive agricultural product due to their high nutritional value and use as food. However, since it has a low shelf life, further storage condition needs to be studied. This research investigated the quality changes of button mushrooms under different storage conditions. The mushrooms were stored both in cold and room temperature. The treatments used are different packaging materials such as Styrofoam, polyethylene, and edible coating, where the unpacked mushroom is used as control. Observed parameters are sensory, water content, and weight loss. Button mushrooms with edible coating at cold and room temperature storage were determined as the best treatment that resulted in the lowest decrease in weight loss and water content. Based on this study, the recommended storage condition for button mushrooms is using edible coating in cold temperatures.

Social, economic, and institutional aspects are crucial for supporting sustainable fisheries management. The objective of this research is to assess the level of sustainability of the social, economic, and institutional aspects of fisheries management, especially at the fishing port level. In this research, field research was conducted using composite analysis and flag modelling visualization in the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) as a tool to assess the sustainability of each aspect. Data were obtained from interviews and questionnaires answered by 90 respondents, including fishermen, port officers, and fisheries entrepreneurs in the Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port. The results showed that, overall, the sustainability condition in the social aspect was good with a score of 79.69, while the economic aspect was moderate with a score of 55.32, and the institutional aspect was good with a score of 80.28. The lowest levels of sustainability in the social and economic aspects were found in the indicators of stakeholder participation and fishery household income, both in the medium category. In the institutional aspect, the lowest level of sustainability was found in the indicator of compliance with responsible fisheries management principles, which was in the good category. These results are expected to provide stakeholders with the necessary information to take corrective steps to improve sustainability in fisheries management, particularly in the social and economic aspects.

‘Honeycrisp’ (Malus domestica Borkh.), a premium applecultivar, is highly susceptible to bitter pit and decline in quality during long-term storage. In order to enhance the quality, an aqueous composition containing hexanal was applied as a preharvest spray. The effects of hexanal were assessed on the treated fruit and compared with HarvistaTM (a sprayable 1-Methylcyclopropene based commercial formulation) applied and control fruit under both cold (2.5 °C; four months) and cold after room temperature storage (20 °C; 14 days) conditions. Color, firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS) did not show a significant change in response to any treatment at harvest, while abscisic acid (ABA) significantly reduced and tryptophan increased in response to hexanal, compared to HarvistaTM and control. The treatment effects on quality traits were observed during storage. Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples had higher TSS under both cold and room temperature storage. In addition, both sprays enhanced firmness at room temperature storage. However, the effects of sprays on other quality traits showed a different pattern. Apples sprayed with hexanal had lower phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activity, lower incidence of bitter pit, and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 compared to HarvistaTM and control. On the other hand, HarvistaTM treated fruit produced lower ethylene. Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes. Generally, PLD alpha has a direct role in promoting fruit senescence, whereas the calcium senor proteins (CaM/CMLs) may involve in fruit ripening process via calcium and ethylene interactions. Therefore, improved postharvest qualities, including the lower incidence of bitter pit in hexanal treated ‘Honeycrisp’, may be associated with lower membrane damage due to lower PLD enzyme activity and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 and MdPLDα4 genes throughout the storage period.