Economic and hydraulic outcomes in storm water collection networks - application of momentum equation

According to United Nation, water crisis could affect 5 billion people by 2050 due to climate change, increased demand and polluted supplies. The main issue of the water crisis is rapid increasing of population and rapid urbanization; the water catchment area is decreasing due to deforestation for development. The aim of the project is to address the water crisis for the future development by the propose Sponge Town in every district of Kuala Lumpur which is to create water sensitive and sustainable master plan with storm water collection, rainwater harvesting, and atmospheric water harvesting design. The project proposal has the potential to minimize the water supply from the centralized water treatment plant, minimize the water disruption case in future and minimize the non-revenue water as well as flash flood. The design targets 100% usage of rainwater, storm water and atmospheric water as portable water supply as well as to increase the awareness of water conservation in public.KeywordsWater crisisUrbanizationDeforestationWater sustainable planStorm waterAtmospheric water

Stormwater discharges from construction activities can have significant impact on water quality by contributing sediments and pollutants to waterbodies. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for most States and the Construction General Permit (CGP) for a few states in the U.S. require the development and implementation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and Best Management Practices (BMPs), which should contain storm water collection and discharge points, and drainage patterns across construction projects. Generally, erosion and sedimentation from disturbed construction sites need to be controled before and after construction. This regulatory compliance frequently results in schedule delays or decreased productivity at the beginning of construction process and violations or failure to implement stormwater management on construction sites increases construction costs. Therefore, an appropriate SWPPP needs to be developed at the planning phase. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing BIM tools for SWPPP and BMPs developments.

Stormwater discharges from construction activities can have significant impact on water quality by contributing sediments and pollutants to waterbodies. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for most States and the Construction General Permit (CGP) for a few states in the U.S. require the development and implementation of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and Best Management Practices (BMPs), which should contain storm water collection and discharge points, and drainage patterns across construction projects. Generally, erosion and sedimentation from disturbed construction sites need to be controled before and after construction. This regulatory compliance frequently results in schedule delays or decreased productivity at the beginning of construction process and violations or failure to implement stormwater management on construction sites increases construction costs. Therefore, an appropriate SWPPP needs to be developed at the planning phase. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing BIM tools for SWPPP and BMPs developments.

Economic and hydraulic outcomes in storm water collection networks - application of momentum equation

The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. This system contains natural sub-creeks as drainage channels discharging overflow to nearby creeks, an open green trench, a storage pond, and natural sub-creeks. The sub-creeks were designed to be integrated into community landscape, which not only increases the efficiency of water usage, but also improves the aesthetic qualities of the community residence area as required by Agenda 21. This research proved the feasibility of an open storm water collection and utilization system for the design of a community water system.

Street sweeping is regularly performed within cities and residential communities to reduce roadway debris and ensure properly functioning storm water management systems. Given removal of plant and soil debris, street sweeping may also reduce nonpoint source pollution through removal of leachate source material. To assess the influence of street sweeping on storm water pollutants, 36 storm water collection devices were installed within six residential communities in Central Florida and subjected to varying municipal sweeping regimes. Additionally, precipitation and storm water retention pond leachate samplers were installed to quantify pollutant sources that may enter and leave selected urban communities. Despite high variability in percentage of impervious surfaces, population density, and volume of road debris among communities, no significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate + nitrite (NOx), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in storm water among communities or between swept and unswept areas of roadways. Similarly, no significant differences were observed for TKN, NOx, and TP concentrations in precipitation and storm water. Significant differences in orthophosphate (ortho-P), however, were observed between communities and precipitation. Additionally, storm water TP concentrations were greater than discharge estimated to originate from communities within the study area. Although street sweeping may be effective at reducing volume of roadway debris, our data did not find it reduced N or P in storm water.

Urban agriculture (UA) is a strategic means of achieving sustainable urban food security now and into the future. While a number of different models of agriculture will be required to provide food for the concentrated number of people in urban spaces, UA can be key tool in helping urban residents meet micronutrient requirements, whose deficiency is now recognized as the most important cause of “hidden hunger” globally. UA, or the cultivation of crops for food in small and irregular spaces within a city and its periphery, has been practiced for as long as cities have existed. However, it is gaining increased attention for both its limited scale, its effects on nutrition and community building, the associated possibilities for employment and social mobility, its relevance in a vibrant and diverse food system and for all of these reasons, its sustainability. UA projects are springing up in cities all over the world, always engaging the collaboration of multiple urban stakeholders and increasingly with a focus on the most vulnerable people in society: the poor, the elderly, children, and those suffering malnutrition and chronic disease. For all city dwellers, UA improves livelihoods within the city environment by reducing city ecological footprint, strengthening city resilience to climate change and environmental hazards, reducing noise, improving air quality and the city microclimate, minimizing drought by improving storm water management, and contributing to solid waste management. It increases human health and well-being through stress recovery, encouragement of exercise, reduction of urban violence, facilitating social contact, and providing sources of added employment and income. Using the concept of urban political ecology as a foundation for understanding food dynamics, this chapter will describe a range of different UA initiatives across the globe, giving special attention to their multifunctionality in the context of social vulnerabilities within urban spaces. In so doing, it will present UA as an important platform for community engagement and sustainability building toward increased food security. Turning concrete into green productive lands results in changes in physical, psychological, environmental, and community health. At the same time, the application of social leftovers (abandoned lands, unused rooftops, plastic and wood containers, etc.) onto productive means creates a new model for adding micronutrition to urban diets that integrates and takes seriously social, cultural, nutritional, and economic outcomes.

Negative consequences of global climate change and rapid urbanization are problems of combating urban floods, underflooding and increasing the safety of adjacent water bodies due to the washout of storm water and municipal waste. These problems are being solved slowly and ineffectively. This is explained by harsh climatic conditions in a large number of territories, higher number of abnormal rainfalls, insufficient financial injections into the construction of storm systems from the state and business structures, imperfection of regulatory documents based on outdated information for calculating projects. Conclusions are formulated on ways out of the crisis situation in the city of Tomsk (Western Siberia). It is proposed to improve the collection and drainage of atmospheric water from road sections.The relevance of the work is associated with the improvement of the system of atmospheric wastewater removal from the road pavement and urbanized areas, especially at abnormal volumes of rainwater.Purpose: The aim of the work is to assess environmental, economic and technological potential of Russian and foreign techniques to ensure effective storm water drainage and primary treatment of surface runoff.Methodology/approach: The analysis of the current state and prospects for the implementation of the best foreign practices for collecting, removing from urbanized areas, effective water drainage devices; comparative assessment of practices that are most suitable for continental climate conditions with a long cold period and significant amounts of precipitation; measures to improve the efficiency of storm water drainage; theoretical research of literary sources, theoretical analysis, interdisciplinary synthesis; methods of logical generalizations, patent analysis, search and statistical methods.Research findings: The paper highlights foreign achievements and problems of drainage and storm water treatment from urban roads. Increasing interest in biophilic engineering technologies includes stages of collection and removal of surface runoff water, its primary treatment, and evaporation or infiltration into deep aquifers. The state of the drainage problem in Russia is considered herein. Modern technical means capable of organizing a road drainage system and, if necessary, treating storm water are investigated. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory condition and insufficiency of road drainage systems are identified.Practical implications: Systematization and generalization of approaches to combating excess urban storm water serve as the basis for improving modern drainage systems in Russia. Foreign experience in draining, isolating, and recycling storm water can be used and developed in different natural and climatic zones of Russia with respect to the specifics of their geoecological situation.

Monitoring of performance of wastewater treatment systems of an effluent treatment plant is a routine process. However, monitoring is not an easy process when storm water is mixed with wastewater. This is because the mixed water runoff varies significantly in physico‐chemical properties unlike in the case of wastewater alone. The present work evaluates impact of storm water runoff on existing sewage treatment plant situated in an industrial township. Significant dilution effect is observed during monsoon period (June‐September) in the influent and effluent characteristics of sewage. The estimated excess runoff water during these months is mainly due to the rainfall in the region and due to absence of proper control or design for collection of storm water, thereby avoiding the discharge of the storm water into the treatment plant. This has resulted in the reduction of BOD, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, thus decreasing the efficiency of gas generation.

Sewers? Under the Airport? Really? Manhole and CCTV Inspections Performed at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, St. Louis, MissouriSince its creation in 1954, the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District has continuously labored to improve sanitary and storm water collection and treatment services for the citizens of St. Louis City and County. At the same time Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, established as the first municipally-owned airport in the U.S. in 1928, has worked to continuously improve service for millions of...Author(s)Terry AdamsSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jun, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811700084Volume / Issue2012 / 4Content sourceCollection Systems ConferenceCopyright2012Word count261

Istanbul is one of the world's most ancient cities. The present population is around 13 million. The population increase rate is more than twice the average of the country, and is due to migration. Each year roughly 400.000 new inhabitants settle in Istanbul. Insufficient water sources are surrounded by unplanned and uncontrolled urban and industrial development. Thus, problems such as treatment of drinking water, sewage and wastewater, as well as transportation etc. could not be solved easily. Even though, efforts have been paid to solve these problems since 1920s, more successful activities have been realized after the establishment of Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) in 1981. As a result of applying economically and technologically available systems for wastewater treatment and discharge, Istanbul today has reached to a competitive and comparable stage with other NATO member countries. In this paper, a review on the prevailing condition of the wastewater and storm water collection and treatment systems will be done and brief information on wastewater management will be given. Within the context of the study, success gained by the application of ‘The Golden Horn Environmental Protection Project’ and the findings of Water Quality Monitoring Studies in Golden Horn will be discussed and evaluated.

SUMMARY OF FACTS The Louvain-la-Neuve new university town has been built by the University of Louvain on a previously agricultural and forested site of 920 ha, following a master plan drawn up by the “Groupe Urbanisme-Architecture” (R. Lemaire, J.-P. Blondel and P. Laconte). The first phase opened in 1972, comprising the science faculties, the science library (architect A. Jacqmain), student and commercial housing, shops and restaurants. Each phase was linked to the overall project and planned as a potentially multifunctional and autonomous unit along an east-west pedestrian spine. There has been direct rail access to Brussels since 1976. In 2005 a 35.000 m2 shopping centre opened next to the station (with 8 million visitors in 2014), which is to be extended above the railway tracks. The 2014 estimated daytime population of the new town was 45.000 (with 12.000 residents, out of 31.000 for the city of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve). The land remains entirely in the university’s ownership and is developed through long term leases. OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER. The proposed paper addresses the following research issues: 1. What skills were developed by “Groupe Urbanisme-Architecture” and its staff in order to conceive and create this new university town? How were they appointed? What was their urban model (one inspired by the mix of land uses found in historic towns, as opposed to the functionalist approach in which these are separated)? How was finance secured? How were the faculties involved in the implementation of the plan? How are the inhabitants and students involved? Could this experience inform present-day land use planning and urban design? 2. How did the1970 master plan adapt to change: e.g. in demography, in housing demand, in the university’s teaching and research needs and those of university-related industry, in the social, cultural and political environment, and from small individual plots to developer-led projects? 3. Which wider issues of planning research are raised by the Louvain example? These include: - the overall rationale for new town development, its up-front investment needs and its governance challenges (i.e. relations with existing local authorities). - the pros and cons of long-term leases as a tool for property development. - the economic and ecological justification of a linear pedestrian spine as a development model. This entails making vehicular traffic and parking accessible from the perimeter or putting it underground. - the economic and ecological justification for separating water treatment and storm water collection into a reservoir, treated as a lake whose depth varies according to the seasons. - the case for small plots and high density-low rise buildings versus large plots and high density-high rise. - the optimal location of the main squares and public spaces in a new town.

MULTI-FACILITY ENERGY MASTER PLANNING - A CASE STUDYCities and Counties have the never-ending responsibility of providing utilities and services to their residents. Providing utilities such as water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, and storm water collection and treatment require intricate facilities and infrastructure assets. Similarly, extensive facilities and offices are necessary to provide services such as fire...Author(s)Mark B. EnochsRod McCallSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 75 - Plant Operations and Maintenance/Lab Practices: Plant Operations and Maintenance—Process Optimization and Nutrient RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:10L.256;1-DOI10.2175/193864702784164532Volume / Issue2002 / 10Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)256 - 264Copyright2002Word count455

Chapter 9 - Pathogen Surveillance Through Monitoring of Sewer Systems

WRAMS, sustainable water recycling