Economic and bioenergy efficiency of saflor growing with the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators

Abstract

In increasing the yield and improving the quality of safflower products, the primary importance belongs to the agronomic requirements for cultivation, which are based on the biological and physiological characteristics of the culture. The aim of the research was to determine the economic efficiency of growing safflower varieties with the use of additional mineral nutrition and microbiological preparations. The research was conducted in 2017–2019 in the fields of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS.Safflower was sown in the first decade of April with a sowing rate of 240,000 similar seeds per hectare. The system of the main tillage: classical. As research factors were selected: varieties – Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya; application of mineral fertilizers – without fertilizers, N60P50 under the main cultivation, P50 – under the main cultivation + N60 – at sowing; application of growth regulators – control (without treatment), Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil, Chelatin forte + Chelatin mono bor, Chelatin mono bor + Chelatin phosphorus-potassium, Chelatin phosphorus-potassium + Chelatin multimix + Chelatin mono bor. Technical and economic evaluation of safflower cultivation with the use of additional mineral nutrition and microbiological preparations was performed using conventional methods. As a result of our three-year research, the influence of additional mineral nutrition and the use of microbiological preparations on the yield of safflower varieties Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya was established. The highest yields of safflower cultivar Zhyvchyk – 1.71 and 1.70 t/ha and Dobrynya cultivar – 1.84 and 1.85 t/ha were obtained against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P50 under the main tillage with the use of Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil and Chelatine mono bor + Chelatin phosphorus-potassium. The largest conditionally net profit – 22603 UAH/ha for the variety Zhyvchyk and 23837 UAH/ha for the variety Dobrynya was obtained on the background without mineral fertilizers with the use of drugs Chelatin mono bor + Chelatin phosphorus-potassium. The level of profitability, depending on the system of mineral fertilizers and the option of growth stimulants was: for the variety Zhyvchyk 143–524%, for the variety Dobrynya 161–551%. The highest yield of gross energy 38646 MJ/ha in the variety Zhyvchyk and 41509 MJ/ha in the variety Dobrynya was obtained against the background of the main application of N60P50 with treatment of crops with drugs Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil. The highest indicators of energy coefficient for both varieties were in control (without fertilizers): in Zhyvchyk 3.0–3.1, in Dobrynуа 3.1–3.2. Key words: safflower, variety, mineral fertilizer, growth regulator, productivity, economic indicator, energy coefficient.