Ecological impact of phytoinvasions in Ukraine

Abstract

By the decision of the United Nations Conference on non-native species (Trondheim, Norway, 1996), an obligation was made to conduct comprehensive studies of adventitious plants, animals and microorganisms, to develop regional strategies to control their introduction and distribution. The ecological problem of the expansion of advents has the second place in the conservation of biota after the destruction of ecotops of their existence. An interdepartmental working group on invasive alien species has been established at the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. The list of invasive species of flora of Ukraine is discussed and includes from 40 to 100 species (Acer negundo L., Ambrosia artemisifolia L., Amorfa fruticosa L., Asclepias syriaca L., Azolla caroliniana Willd., Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. et A. Gray, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Elodea canadensis Michx., Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Ag., Quercus rubra L., Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Solidago canadensis L., etc.). There are 215 species with highly invasive ability in total, of North American and Asian origin. Environmental hazards are quarantine, allergenic plants, transforming species that transform the local landscapes. A feature of invasive plants is their high adaptation, performance, intensive distribution, competition. Therefore, the environmental effects of phytoinvasions are very significant, especially for protected areas. Aboriginal vegetation cover varies, rare local species displaced. The most vulnerable are aquatic ecosystems, meadows, steppes, forests, coastal coasts. Less phytoinvasions in mountain regions (Carpathians, Crimea), sphagnum bogs (Polissia). Thus, given the high environmental risks of phytoinvasions, it is necessary to develop a strategy for invasive adventitious species of Ukraine. 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