Ecological Disasters and Mental Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions.

This scoping review aims to systematically identify and map the roles of primary healthcare professionals in rural and remote areas during natural, man-made and pandemic disasters. Disasters can be caused by natural events, man-made incidents or infective agents resulting in a pandemic. Healthcare practitioners working in primary care settings have important roles during disaster prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. When rural and remote settings are affected by disasters, there are unique challenges for healthcare professionals. This review will aim to contribute to disaster management knowledge within rural and remote primary health care, and assist in the development of practice-based disaster preparedness and future policy discussion. This review will consider studies that include primary healthcare professionals, defined as having first-level contact with patients in the community, in rural or remote areas only. The role of the healthcare professional will also be discussed within the paper. Research from Australia, Canada, the USA, New Zealand and the UK will be included. Databases to be searched include CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PubMed, Scopus and Embase (Elsevier), as well as gray literature within Trove, MedNar and OpenGrey. The search will be limited to articles written in English and published from 1978 to the present. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers, and full-text studies will be retrieved and assessed against the inclusion criteria. Results will be recorded in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram. Data will be extracted and presented as a tabular summary with supporting narratives and figures.

Background: Child labor is a persistent problem throughout the world and it is a global problem that appears to affect a major proportion of children in developing world. The study aimed to identify the effect of child labor on physical, psychological and behavior health among technical secondary schools students at Assiut city. A descriptive research design was used. A total number of 500 students with multi-stage random technique were participated in this. Two proper tools were used tool I: A self-administered questionnaire sheet included questions about demographic data, condition and hazards of work, physical, psychological and behavioral problems. Tool II: Body Mass Index (BMI) also was measured. Results: 63.8% of the studied students were working and 46.7% of them were working in commerce. 46.4% stated that the main cause of work return for helping their family income. There was statistically significant difference between BMI & work status. Also; there was statistically significant difference between type of work and behavioral problems, daily working hours and psychological & behavioral problems, time to entertain and psychological problems. Conclusion: Physical and psychological health of working children affected with labor. Recommendations: School nurse should be providing education about the physical, psychological and behavioral problems that working students may be exposed to it.

Objective To investigate the differences in psychological problems and behaviors between asth-matic and nonasthmatic children,and to evaluate the psychological interventions. Methods Behaviors and psycholog-ical actions were investigated in the 126 children with asthma and 126 healthy children, after psychological interven-tions of 3 and 6 months,the effects were evaluated in 28 asthmatic children. Results Behavioral and psychological problems were more prevalent in asthmatics than nonasthmaties, psychological and behavioral problems were different in asthmatic children of different severity and gender, psychological and behavioral interventions as well as drug ther-apy have beneficial effects on controlling of asthmatic symptoms and improving the pulmonary function, it could cor-rect and cure the bad behavioral and psychological problems and improve the quality of life. Conclusion Asthma contributes to the development of behavioral and psychological problems in children. Psychological and behavioral in-tervention in children with asthma has many positive effects on controlling the symptoms and improving the pul-monary function,it could correct and cure the bad behavioral and psychological problems and improve the quality of life. Key words: Asthma; Mood disorders; Conduct disorder; Intervention studies; Children

Purpose: Disaster management is a topic that is multi-faceted and intricately maintained by professionals who volunteer their expertise and time to assist those who have been affected by an unforeseen disaster. Creating a well-rounded and effective team is of immense importance during disaster situations. Speech-language pathologists can provide vital skills in the realm of communication, feeding, and other areas. However, the role of speech language pathologists within the disaster management team is not well documented in the literature. The purpose of the study was to identify awareness, involvement, and training of speech language pathologists in disaster management stages through exploration of their self-reported knowledge, skills, and roles to better understand their likelihood of response and potential collaborative roles within a disaster management team. Method: To gather data on self-reported awareness, knowledge, skills, participation, training, and perceptions of speech language pathologists as part of the disaster management stage, a cross-sectional survey study was designed. The study specifically targeted licensed speech language pathologists within the state of Florida. Results: There were 216 viable survey responses to analyze. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted to examine how speech-language professionals perceive their fit in the arena of disaster management. Speech language pathologists who responded to this survey were primarily white, 40–49-year-old females who had experienced some form of disaster. Most respondents reported receiving no training in disaster management; however, they indicated that speech language pathologists and other healthcare professionals have unique skills that could contribute to disaster management stages. Although there was reportedly limited training and guidance available and minimal professional experience with disaster, speech language pathologists who reported having professional experience with disaster stages, indicated an increased likelihood of participating in future disaster management. Conclusions: Similar to interdisciplinary teams found in clinical practice, healthcare professionals need training and education about their roles to form teams to address the needs of individuals in all disaster management stages. Analyses indicated that speech language pathologists perceive themselves, and other healthcare professionals, could provide meaningful contributions to the disaster management team; however, they have not had adequate professional experience or training.

Introduction: Suicide is a traumatic event for close relatives due to various factors, with bullying acting as a mediator. Bullying has been identified as a primary predictor of suicidal ideation and a contributing factor to suicide. Objective: This study aims to describe the pathway from bullying victimization to suicidal attempts in adolescents. Results: Adolescence is a period of peak physical health and a time of behavioral and emotional problems due to developmental factors, which can increase susceptibility to suicidal behavior. Adolescents who experience bullying report suicidal ideation more frequently, often on a weekly basis, due to psychiatric morbidity (OR = 7.78). The relationship between bullying and suicide is mediated by poor physical and mental health, especially among victims. Bullying victimization triggers psychological or behavioral problems that can lead to suicidal behavior, often mediated by mental health or psychological problems, such as internalization or substance use which serve as maladaptive coping strategies, with suicide ultimately becoming a final coping strategy. Conclusion: Psychological or mental health problems mediate the risk of suicidal attempts among bullied adolescents, although other pathways may also be involved.

Children’s behavioral problems are a reflection of their parents’ psychological problems, especially mothers, and mental illness in one of the parents increases the likelihood of mental illness in the children. With regard to the negative interaction between parents and their children’s diseases, this study aimed to assess the relationship between the child’s behavioral problems and maternal mental health. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 mothers with children with behavioral problems. They were referred to the pediatrics clinic of psychiatric ward in Golestan Hospital, Ahwaz city and selected through successive sampling. The instrument used contained a mental health questionnaire (SCL90- R) and children's behavioral problems questionnaires (CBCL). Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. . Results: The results showed that there was a significantly positive relationship among all the children’s behavioral problems with all subscales of maternal mental health. There was a significant positive relationship between external behavioral problems of children with all subscales of maternal mental health. A significantly positive relationship was obtained between internal behavioral problems of children with all subscales of the mothers’ mental health except for the interpersonal sensitivity. Conclusion: With regard to the high correlation between children’s behavioral problems and maternal mental disorders, measures should be taken to reduce the effects of the mothers’ psychological problems on children.

Türkiye is a country in the Alpine-Himalayan earthquake zone and needs an effective disaster management plan, with its geography experiencing severe seismic activities. In this respect, natural disaster risks can be reduced by using developing artificial intelligence technology and deep learning applications in the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases that constitute the disaster management plan. This study examines deep learning models, application areas, deep learning layers and libraries used, and how deep learning can be used in the four stages of disaster management through study examples in the literature. The study aims to examine the use of deep learning in architecture and disaster management phases based on the earthquake factor as a result of the literature review. As a result, when studies on deep learning are examined, disaster management studies closely related to the discipline of architecture are mainly in the response phase. However, the discipline of architecture plays an important role at every stage of disaster management. In this respect, as holistic studies and applications related to deep learning, architectural science, and effective disaster management increase, the loss of life and property due to disasters, especially earthquakes, will decrease. The study carried out is thought to be an important guide for future research.

This scoping review aims to map the roles of rural and remote primary health care professionals (PHCPs) during disasters. Disasters can have catastrophic impacts on society and are broadly classified into natural events, man-made incidents, or a mixture of both. The PHCPs working in rural and remote communities face additional challenges when dealing with disasters and have significant roles during the Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery (PPRR) stages of disaster management. A Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology was utilized, and the search was conducted over seven electronic databases according to a priori protocol. Forty-one papers were included and sixty-one roles were identified across the four stages of disaster management. The majority of disasters described within the literature were natural events and pandemics. Before a disaster occurs, PHCPs can build individual resilience through education. As recognized and respected leaders within their community, PHCPs are invaluable in assisting with disaster preparedness through being involved in organizations' planning policies and contributing to natural disaster and pandemic surveillance. Key roles during the response stage include accommodating patient surge, triage, maintaining the health of the remaining population, instituting infection control, and ensuring a team-based approach to mental health care during the disaster. In the aftermath and recovery stage, rural and remote PHCPs provide long-term follow up, assisting patients in accessing post-disaster support including delivery of mental health care. Rural and remote PHCPs play significant roles within their community throughout the continuum of disaster management. As a consequence of their flexible scope of practice, PHCPs are well-placed to be involved during all stages of disaster, from building of community resilience and contributing to early alert of pandemics, to participating in the direct response when a disaster occurs and leading the way to recovery.

Oil Spill Found to Be Toxic to Workers' Mental Health

Childhood and adolescent mental health is a major public health concern. Childhood behavioral problems and low self-esteem can predispose children to future depression. Mental health issues often emerge in adolescence making examination of potential early modifiable risk factors for these three mental health indicators crucial. Potential risk factors for mental health issues often reflect findings from Western settings where confounding by low socioeconomic position may occur, making it difficult to establish causation. Evidence from a setting with a different confounding structure, such as Hong Kong, is valuable in elucidating whether previous findings are contextually specific or biologically based.
\n
\nThis thesis utilized a large (n=8,327) population-representative Chinese birth cohort, Hong Kong’s “Children of 1997,” from a developed non-Western setting with a different confounding structure, to 1) examine how behavioral problems and self-esteem may identify children with a predisposition to depressive symptoms and 2) examine the associations of early modifiable risk factors, including migration status, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, mode of delivery and type of child care (informal care such as in-home employed help or grandparent care), with these three mental health indicators: behavioral problems, self-esteem and depressive symptoms.
\n
\nThis research study utilized parent-reported Rutter scores for behavioral and emotional problems at ~7 and ~11 years, self-reported Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventories scores at ~11 years and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depressive symptom score at ~13 years to assess childhood and adolescent mental health. First, partitional clustering was used to generate homogeneous trajectories between ~7 and ~11 years for child behavior and changes in low self-esteem between ~10 and ~12 years; multivariable linear regression was then used to estimate their adjusted associations with subsequent PHQ-9 score. Second, multivariable linear regression was used to examine the adjusted associations of parental migration status, SHS exposure, mode of delivery and type of child care with the three mental health outcomes.
\n
\nThis researcher found that in a graded manner, Rutter score trajectories (stable low, declining and rising) and self-esteem changes (stable high, rising and declining) were associated with more depressive symptoms. Parental migration was associated with better behavior at ~7 and ~11 years, but prenatal SHS exposure was associated with more behavioral problems. Mode of delivery was not associated with the three mental health outcomes. Meanwhile, in-home employed help was only associated with lower self-esteem and more depressive symptoms, although care by grandparents was associated with fewer behavioral problems.
\n
\nTo conclude, in this population-representative Hong Kong birth cohort, sustained behavioral problems and low self-esteem were strongly associated with depressive symptoms, potentially highlighting the need for earlier identification of and intervention for mental health issues. Furthermore, parents and household members are targets for intervention since SHS exposure was found to be positively associated with child behavioral problems and in-home employed help was associated with low self-esteem and more depressive symptoms. Migrant parents and care by grandparents were associated with fewer behavioral problems, thus the mechanistic understanding of these associations could potentially inform interventions. Conversely, cesarean section did not appear to contribute to child mental health problems.

Infection prevention and control continuous education and training in pre-registration nursing programmes

Considering the importance of the potentiality of leveraging big data for enhancing resilience for disaster management, this study focused on the recent technology explored by various scholars on big data -based disaster resilience which can help people in all stages of disaster management. This study reveals that disaster resilience is a combined function of the adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacity of an individual or society to withstand and cope with the adverse effects of the disaster. This study explores the potential of big data in various stages of disaster management which can ensure the resilience capacity of a social unit. This chapter also highlights the major principles of big data for effective use for disaster management like open source tools, strong infrastructure, developing local skills, context -specific data sources, data sharing with ethics, awareness about the right of data and learning from experience. It also argues that big data is a potential tool for policymakers, administrators and related stakeholders to take necessary actions during and after disasters like early warning system, weather forecasting, emergency evacuation, immediate responses, relief distribution, training need assessment and increasing trained individuals. For getting maximum benefit from big data approach for disaster resilience, this study suggests to solve the related problems such as challenges in data collection, analytics, infrastructure, gaps between human and technological capacity, ethical and political anomaly, poor coordination, privacy and accuracy. This study recommends implementing proper infrastructure, technologies, tools and expertise for ensuring proper utilization of big data for disaster resilience. This study also focuses on further research on big data approaches for enhancing disaster resilience in context -specific cases by collecting primary data which can help to extend the use of it over the world.

The involvement of social workers in disaster management has been gaining increasing attention in recent years. However, despite their critical role as frontline service providers in disaster management, the field of disaster social work still lacks a coherent framework. Recent findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach that distinguishes between the various stages of disaster management, enabling a clearer understanding of social workers’ interventions. This qualitative study draws on the lived experiences of Israeli social workers to explore their engagement with families evacuated during the ongoing Israel–Hamas war. After nine months of evacuation and during the return home, three online focus groups were conducted with nine social workers. Data analysis indicates that the roles of social workers during wartime evolve through three key stages: (1) Professional chaos; (2) Service routinization; and (3) Service continuity and realignment upon returning home. These stages varied in terms of the families’ psychosocial needs, the interventions employed by social workers, and the professional challenges they encountered. Our findings emphasize the distinct roles social workers fulfill at different stages of disaster management, underscoring the need for policies that clearly define their responsibilities and better integrate their contributions to disaster response and recovery.

Dianalund, Denmark: Kolonien Filadelfia: Dianalund Epilepsy Centre

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children and adolescents’ physical activity (PA), sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral health. Yet, little is known about the differences between those in countries with various economic statuses.MethodsArticles published from database inception through 16 March 2022 were retrieved using CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO. High-quality studies that reported the number of participants with parameters associated with PA, sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral problems in young people aged under 18 years during the pandemic were included. We referenced the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for PA and sleep duration to provide the event rate for young people who were not compliant with the guidelines. The event rate of young people who had decreased sleep quality and experienced psychological and behavioral problems were also investigated. A subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the differences in those in countries with diverse economic statuses. Funnel plot analysis and Egger's test were also conducted to identify any risk of publication bias.ResultA total of 66 studies with 1,371,168 participants aged between 0 and 18 years, involving 27 countries, were included. During the pandemic, we identified that 41% (95% CI: 39%, 43%; I2 = 96.62) and 43% (95% CI: 34%, 52%; I2 = 99.42) of young people did not meet the PA and sleep duration recommendation guidelines. In addition, 31% (95% CI: 28%, 35%; I2 = 99.66) of young people had decreased their sleep quality. Yet, no significant difference was found across countries with different economic statuses. However, the event rates of participants with psychological and behavioral problems were 32% (95% CI: 28%, 36%; I2 = 99.85) and 19% (95% CI: 14%, 25%; I2 = 99.72), respectively. In addition, the rate of psychological problems was more severe in those who live in lower middle-income countries (p < 0.001), while the rate of behavioral problems was more severe in those who live in high-income countries (p = 0.001).DiscussionDuring the pandemic, the discouragement of PA, poor sleep quality, and high risk of psychological and behavioral problems are concerning. A large number of young people did not comply with the recommendation guidelines. Timely implementation of recovery plans is critical to address the adverse effects on young people.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309209, identifier CRD42022309209.