Abstract
The paper contains the materials of long-term research connected with studying the fertility inhomogeneity of the arable soil layer. The duration of cultivation, weather conditions, soil cultivation methods leave their imprint on the fertility of parts of the arable layer. It is revealed that effective fertility of the arable layer decreases from the top down, and the longer the nonmouldboard cultivation is used, the lower the fertility of lower layers. Plowing provides mixing of soil layers of the arable layer and creates a homogeneous layer by fertility, although the differentiation of the layers by their fertility exists even in case of plowing, but less pronounced. The maximum yield of spring wheat grain grown on the soil from different layers is observed in the variant from the 0-10 cm layer, and the minimum - in the variant from the 20-30 cm layer. Mixing of parts of the arable layer helps to smooth out and increase effective fertility of the root-inhabited soil. It is necessary to approach differentially when selecting a soil cultivation method and creating a fertile arable layer to obtain a high yield of cultivated plants.
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