Ecological condition of the adjacent territory of pig farms of different capacity and technologies of pork production

Abstract

Investigate the differences between chemical and microbiological parameters of the topsoil and snow cover at different distances from the territories of pig farms of different capacity and different technologies of pork production. It has been carried out Soil sampling and soil chemical analysis in accordance with current state standards of Ukraine. Hydrochemical analysis of melt water was carried out according to the methods of O. A. Alekin. Microbiological studies were performed by seeding the soil suspension and melt water on appropriate solid nutrient media. So, Soil research revealed a higher content of certain chemical elements and microorganisms in the immediate vicinity of farm areas compared to more distant distances. Thus, according to the chemical analysis of the soil near Farm 1 (number of livestock 1.5 thousand heads, seasonal tour technology of pork production is used) at a distance of 0 m there is a higher content of ammonium N, P2O5, K2O, Cu, Zn. Near Farm 2 (number of livestock 40.0 thousand heads, used flowshop technology of pork production) at a distance of 0 m there is a higher content of only N ammonium, Cu and Z. Microbiological analysis of soil was performed by the method of aggregate assessment of the presence of microorganisms using an integrated indicator. It was found that near Farm 1 at a distance of 250 m there is only a downward trend, and a significant decrease only at a distance of 500 m, and in Farm 2 - this figure is significantly reduced at a distance of 250 m. Hydrochemical studies of melted water of the snow cover adjacent to pig farms include a list of studied chemical components, the presence of which varies depending on the distance from the farm: nitrogen compounds related to nutrients and individual ions of mineral compounds - Na+ + K+, SO42 According to the studied chemical and microbiological indicators of the soil, it is established that the radius of harmful effects of the enterprise with seasonal tour technology of pork production is larger compared to the enterprise with flow-shop technology of pork production. According to the research of the melted water of the snow cover of the territory adjacent to the pig farms, a number of components have been identified that can be used as indicators that will characterize the harmful impact on the environment of pork enterprises. Key words: Pig farms, natural environment, topsoil, snow, chemical elements, microorganisms, pollutants.