Eco-friendly Portland cement with low clinker, using brick waste or granite waste powder

The feasibility of using waste brick powder (WBP) in the manufacture of self-compacting mortar has been investigated in this study. The limestone filler was partially or totally (0%, 50% and 100%) substituted with WBP. The rheological properties, compressive and flexural strengths, drying shrinkage and durability properties (including carbonation resistance, chloride ion diffusion and sulphate resistance) of self-compacting mortars were evaluated. The WBP-mortars presented a higher yield stress and plastic viscosity than that of WBP-free mortar: the additional water has to be added in order to achieve the equivalent workability. The compressive strength of WBP-mortars slightly decreased after 7 days (the compressive strength of series mortars M − BP decreased 5.6% and 9.3% for 50% and 100% WBP based mortars comparing with the reference mortar, respectively; while the compressive strength of series with similar workability mortar M-BP100WA which was based on 100% WBP decreased 16.7% and it could achieve 26.8 MPa), but the decreasing trend seemed to be compensated by the pozzolanic activity of WBP and remained equivalent after 28 days (the compressive strength of series mortar M-BP100WA decreased 5.3% and it could achieve 35.6 MPa). The substitution of limestone filler by WBP didn't seem to impair the durability behavior of mortars (except for the resistance to carbonation). Therefore, it is possible to manufacture self-compacting mortar by partially or totally substituting limestone filler by WBP.

Mechanical properties and water absorption of cement composites with various fineness and contents of waste brick powder from C&D waste

Experimental study on the effect of plastic waste strips and waste brick powder on strength parameters of expansive soils

Investigation of using waste marble powder, brick powder, ceramic powder, glass powder, and rice husk ash as eco-friendly aggregate in sustainable red mud-metakaolin based geopolymer composites

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has prompted the recycling of construction and demolition waste in concrete manufacturing. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing porcelain and brick waste as partial substitutes for natural sand in concrete with the objective of improving sustainability and preserving mechanical and durability characteristics. The experimental program was conducted in three consecutive phases. During the initial phase, natural sand was partially substituted with porcelain waste powder (PWP) and brick waste powder (BWP) in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the weight of the fine aggregate. During the second phase, polypropylene fibers were mixed at a dosage of 0.5% by volume fraction to enhance tensile and flexural properties. During the third phase, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were utilized as a partial substitute for cement at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% to improve microstructure and strength progression. Concrete samples were tested at curing durations of 7, 28, and 91 days. The assessed qualities encompassed workability, density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. Microstructural characterization was conducted utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The findings indicated that porcelain waste powder markedly surpassed brick waste powder in all mechanical and durability-related characteristics, particularly at 25% and 50% sand replacement ratios. The integration of polypropylene fibers enhanced fracture resistance and ductility. Moreover, the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles improved hydration, optimized the pore structure, and resulted in significant enhancements in compressive and tensile strength throughout prolonged curing durations. The best results were obtained with a mix of 50% porcelain sand aggregate, 1% zinc oxide nanoparticles as cement replacement, and 0.5% polypropylene fibers, for which the improvements in compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength were 39.5%, 46.2%, and 60%, respectively, at 28 days. The results confirm the feasibility of using porcelain and brick waste as sand replacements in concrete, as well as polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete and polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete mixed with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a sustainable option for construction purposes.

Partially substituting Portland cement (PC) with waste brick powder (WBP) is an effective method to reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, the effects of a WBP with low pozzolanic activity on the fresh and hardened properties of blended cement with 0–40% WBP or 50% of WBP+GGBFS (by mass) were studied. Sodium sulphate (SS) (1.5 and 2.5%, related to powder mass) was used to activate the blended cement with 40% WBP or 50% WBP+GGBFS at 20 °C. Results show that the performance of blended cement is decreased with the increase in WBP content since the WBP with low pozzolanic activity mainly contributes to the dilution effect. Binary cement with 10% WBP shows a similar carbonation depth and chloride migration coefficient to PC. Ternary cement with 10% WBP and 40% GGBFS exhibits a slightly lower strength at 90 days and a lower chloride migration coefficient than PC. The SS solution increases the compressive strength at 2 days and decreases the compressive strength at 28 and 90 days. Moreover, the SS solution results in a lower carbonation depth and chloride migration coefficient, except for ternary cement with 10% WBP and 40% GGBFS, which shows a higher carbonation depth at 42 and 68 days. This paper provides a reference for the application of WBP to produce green mortars.

Properties of green mortar blended with waste concrete-brick powder at various components, replacement ratios and particle sizes

Clay bricks are extensively used as building material worldwide. Natural soil deposits are in constant reduction due to the frequent use of clay to manufacture bricks. About 1600 billion bricks are produced annually by the consumption of millions of tons of natural resources. The prime focus of this study is to assess the feasibility of using a composite mixture of waste brick powder (WBP) and waste ceramic powder (WCP) as a replacement for depleting natural resource “clay” in brick manufacturing. Based upon the previous studies, the replacement levels were kept as (4 + 5)%, (8 + 10)%, and (12 + 15)% of WCP and WBP, respectively. The brick specimens were evaluated in terms of compressive strength, modulus of rupture, density, water absorption, efflorescence, apparent porosity, resistance to chemical attack and sulfate attack, and freeze-thaw resistance. The study reveals that about 27% of clay can be replaced with ceramic waste powder and waste brick powder, which can preserve a massive amount of natural clay without compromising the quality of the bricks.

This study aims to optimize the mechanical and rheological properties of cementitious mortar by incorporating hemp fibers (HF) and brick waste powder (BWP), with the goal of developing a more sustainable and eco-friendly construction material. Using response surface methodology (RSM), different proportions of HF (0, 0.25, 0.5%) and BWP (0, 10, 20%) were tested to optimize flowability, compressive and flexural strength. The experimental results indicate that the optimal composition, 0.25% HF and 10% BWP, significantly enhances mechanical performance while maintaining workability. Furthermore, the outcomes show that adding 10% BWP and around 0.5% HF considerably reduced the rheological characteristics, as seen by a longer flow time in comparison to other combinations. The ideal cement substitution rates, as determined by RSM, were 11.46% of BWP and 0.31% of HF. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using natural fibers and recycled materials in eco-friendly mortars, offering a sustainable alternative for construction. The predictive accuracy of the RSM model was validated through experimental verification, with results deviating by less than 5%. These findings contribute to the advancement of green building materials and sustainable construction practices.

Nowadays, reducing construction waste has grabbed the attention. As bricks and ceramic tiles represent more than 50% of the ceramic waste in many European countries. Thus, the recycling of this waste type is one of the most significant challenges within the paradigm of the circular economy. This paper investigated the impact of substitution levels of cement by waste ceramic powder (WCP) and waste brick powder (WBP) at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, on the HSC characteristics. The WBP and WCP materials were characterized in detail by laser granulometry, XRF and XRD measurements, followed by standard mixing, production, and curing of concrete samples. The experiments on dry density, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, resistance to sulfate attack, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity were conducted to evaluate the hardened properties of concrete. It was demonstrated that the durability and strength of concrete containing WBP and WCP as partial replacements for cement are marginally inferior to those of the control sample. On the other hand, samples containing WBP had a lesser negative effect on HSC properties in comparison with samples containing WCP. However, employing a 5% WBP with 10% WCP mixture enhanced the characteristics of the HSC in comparison to samples containing various percentages of WCP individually. In addition, the microstructure analyses revealed that the addition of 10% WCP and 5%WBP to HSC specimens resulted in higher hydration products and a slightly denser concrete matrix compared to samples containing various percentages of WCP individually. Research findings indicate that a 15% substitution of cement with WCP or WBP illustrated an environmental benefit in concrete production due to a 13.1% reduction in specific energy consumption.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of using mineral additives on Self compacting Mortar's (SCM) strength and viscosity properties. As Self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains less coarse aggregate than conventional concrete, mortar forms the basis of the design of SCC. Therefore, this study was found to be appropriate to use mortar. In addition, the properties of SCC such as required strength, durability and workability makes a good production of concrete inevitable. While Providing this properties, it has been presented in many studies that mineral additive (silica fume, fly ash, limestone powder, blast furnace slag etc.) and certain amount of powder material requirement is essential especially in terms of workability and consistency of SCC. Furthermore, it was aimed to prevent environmental health threats by wastes released disorderly and to add new powder material to be used in SCC and finally to reduce the cost of both transport and cement by using limestone and waste brick powder. For this purpose, 23 types of mortars, in which cement was partially replaced of limestone and waste brick powder, were produced. The mini slump flow and V-funnel tests were used to assess the workability and the self compactivity properties of the fresh mortars, and the viscosity of mortars were also measured. The hardened properties of SCM specimens including the compressive strength and tensile strength in bending were investigated and all tests were performed for 3, 7, 28 and 91 days. Moreover, capillary water absorption test were performed and, total water absorption and porosity rates of all specimens were measured.

Mechanical Properties of Concretes with Recycled Aggregates and Waste Brick Powder as Cement Replacement

Effectiveness of replacing cement partially with waste brick powder in mortar

This research aimed to evaluate the impact of using brick waste powder (BWP) and varying lengths of polyester fibers (PFs) on the performance properties of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. BWP was utilized as a replacement for traditional limestone powder (LS) filler, while PFs of three lengths (3 mm, 8 mm, and 15 mm) were introduced. The study employed the response surface methodology (RSM) for experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the influence of BWP and PF on the selected performance indicators. These indicators included bulk density, air voids, voids in the mineral aggregate, voids filled with asphalt, Marshall stability, Marshall flow, Marshall quotient, indirect tensile strength, wet tensile strength, and the tensile strength ratio. The findings demonstrated that BWP improved moisture resistance and the mechanical performance of AC mixes. Moreover, incorporating PF alongside BWP further enhanced these properties, resulting in superior overall performance. Using multi-objective optimization through RSM-based empirical models, the study identified the optimal PF length of 5 mm in combination with BWP for achieving the best AC properties. Validation experiments confirmed the accuracy of the predicted results, with an error margin of less than 8%. The study emphasizes the intriguing prospect of BWP and PF as sustainable alternatives for improving the durability, mechanical characteristics, and cost-efficiency of asphalt pavements.

Development of framework in the selection and reuse of concrete waste and brick waste powder as pozzolanic material in cement concrete application using analytical hierarchy process technique