Abstract
BackgroundEarly recurrence (ER, recurrence within 2 years) is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after ablation and resection. We aimed to compare ER and assess the associated risk factors. MethodsWe collected data from patients underwent resection (1,235) or ablation (517) for early HCC (solitary tumor ≤5 cm). Baseline of patients were matched using propensity score matching. ResultsIn the matched cohort of 690 patients, the ablation group had a higher ER rate (37.4% vs. 19.4%; P < .001) than the resection group. Patients with ER had worse overall survival (OS) than those without ER in both the ablation (5-year OS: 60.4% vs. 86.7%) and resection groups (5-year OS: 59.2% vs. 88.1%). Ablation treatment was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for ER (hazard ratio: 2.751, P < .001). Resection conferred a significant favorable OS than ablation (2-year: 95.4% vs. 90.9%; 5-years: 83.8% vs. 77.0%). ConclusionsResection was superior to ablation in minimizing the risk of ER and offering a better OS for patients with early HCC.
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