Early evolution of submarine channels offshore Angola revealed by three-dimensional seismic data

Abstract

Abstract The deep-water subsurface offshore Angola is characterized by many linear, high-gradient submarine channels typically only tens of metres wide and deep. Larger channel systems ( C. 3–5 km wide, >300 m deep) with highly sinuous channels at their bases are also common, although they appear to have evolved from small, linear, high gradient systems. Generally, such small linear channels become enlarged by sediment gravity flows and therefore are rarely preserved except in examples where avulsion occurs. These small linear systems are often associated with relatively continuous levees 1–3 km wide flanking the channel. Results presented here suggest that small, linear channels evolve from erosional lineations on the slope generated by large, infrequent turbidity currents. Results also indicate that linear, high-gradient channels also exhibit the most significant and distinctive geometry changes where there is complex topography, such as near salt structures. Sedimentary bodies associated with linear, high-gradient channels often deposit within slope depressions as discreet J- or S-shaped structures in plan view. The dominant control on these sedimentary bodies is interpreted to be seafloor gradient and topography. This paper examines a number of these relatively young channels in terms of their geometry, gradient, levee development and seismic facies. The results improve our ability to predict subsurface channel geometries and recognise key evolutionary trends.