Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis due to delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis is the most important factor for improving prognosis. For early diagnosis of PC, patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of PC and high risk for developing PC need to be selected for examinations for PC. Signs suggestive of PC (e.g., symptoms, diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis, or abnormal results of blood examinations) should not be missed, and the details of risks for PC (e.g., familial history of PC, intraductal mucin producing neoplasm, chronic pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis, or life habit) should be understood. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be performed for diagnosing PC, but the diagnostic ability of these examinations for PC is limited. Endoscopic diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, including fine-needle aspiration, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography, including Serial Pancreatic-juice Aspiration Cytologic Examination (SPACE), could be recommended for a detailed examination to diagnose pancreatic carcinoma earlier.
Highlights
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis
100% when pancreatic carcinoma was compared with benign disorders of the pancreas [12]; that is to say, CA19-9 can contribute to differentiating PC from benign lesions [13]
We should be reminded that cholestasis induces a pseudo-positive result for PC, and a negative Lewis antigen result is responsible for a false-negative result for CA19-9
Summary
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis. The National Cancer Center Japan estimated that. 39,800 individuals had PC, and 34,100 individuals died because of PC in 2017 in Japan, and the five-year survival rate for PC is 7.8%. PC is the fourth-most common cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women in Japan. The poor prognosis related to PC is due to delayed diagnosis, because >90% of patients with PC are diagnosed at stages III and IV [1]. Diagnosis is required to improve prognosis, and the clinical manifestations suggestive of PC need to be understood for early diagnosis and examining those who are at high risk for developing PC. An appropriate imaging technique should be selected to diagnose PC
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