Abstract
The use of a single host strain that allows for an evaluation of the levels of total coliphages in any type of environmental sample would facilitate the detection of and reduction in complexity and costs, favoring countries or areas with technical and economic limitations. The CB390 strain is a candidate for this type of simultaneous determinations, mainly in water samples. The objective of the study was to establish the recovery capacity of the CB390 strain in solid and semi-solid samples and to evaluate the microbiological quality of the sludge generated and stabilized by lime and drying beds in two WWTPs in Colombia. The results of both matrices indicated that CB390 recovered similar numbers of total coliphages (p > 0.05) against the two host strains when evaluated separately. Only the drying bed treatment was able to reduce between 2.0 and 2.9 Log10 units for some microorganisms, while the addition of lime achieved a maximum reduction of 1.3 Log10 units for E. coli. In conclusion, the CB390 strain can be used in solid and semi-solid samples, and the treatment in a drying bed provided a product of microbiological quality. However, the results are influenced by the infrastructure of the WWTP, the treatment conditions, and the monitoring of the stabilization processes.
Highlights
Heightened food demand due to an increase in world population has resulted in excessive water use increasing in sewage waters
Similar to the counts obtained for the sum of total coliphages phages; no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the recoveries pre sented from E. coli CB390 compared to E. coli WG5 and the sum of total coliphages
According to the technical settings and sludge stabilization process conditions for each evaluated wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), it was observed drying bed treatment resulted in a higher quality product in comparison with lime treated sludge
Summary
Heightened food demand due to an increase in world population has resulted in excessive water use increasing in sewage waters. These waters must be treated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and reutilized or discharged into bodies of water under better conditions [1]. In Colombia, the treatment of domestic urban wastewater reached between 42 and. The Colombian government has a projected coverage of 54.3% for 2022 and 68.6% for 2030 [3,4,5]. In less favored rural or urban areas, basic sanitation coverage rates are lower [6,7,8]
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