Abstract

NEARLY a century has passed since the first published observation that some otherwise normally intelligent children have specific difficulty learning to read. The intervening years have seen both an intense search for the mechanism of this disorder and an ongoing debate about whether it exists. There have been a number of developments in this field since I last discussed these issues.1 The disorder was first termed "congenital word blindness" by British ophthalmologists, and for several decades it was assumed to be primarily visual. Then, in the 1930s, the American neurologist Samuel Orton called attention to the frequent association between reading . . .

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