Dynamics of biofilm-forming bacteria on marine material surfaces based on metabarcoding

The surface of food processing equipment is easily affected by biofilm-forming bacteria, leading to cross-contamination and food safety hazards. The critical issue is how to endow the surface of contact materials with antibacterial and antibiofilm abilities. A sustainable, stable, and antibiofilm coating was prepared by phase transition of glutenin. The disulfide bonds in glutenin were reduced by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, triggering the phase transition of glutenin. Hydrophobic interactions and intermolecular disulfide bonds may be the primary forces. Furthermore, the phase-transited products formed a nanoscale coating on the surface of stainless steel and glass under their own adhesion force and gravity. The coating exhibited good stability in harsh environments. More importantly, after 3 h of direct contact, the colony of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus decreased by one logarithm. The amount of biofilm was observed to be significantly decreased through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This article provides a foundational module for developing novel coatings.

Effects of DNase I coating of titanium on bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation

The adhesion and biofilm formation of bacteria on materials are difficult to eliminate, which poses a potential foodborne disease and a public health threat. Physical interference of bacterial growth has been greatly focused on material surfaces modified by green and sustainable nanoparticles, but with limited surface pattern regulation. Here, we develop a nanostarch-coated PDMS membrane via topological engineering. The self-assembly behaviors of starch nanoparticles with different shapes are compared to form highly regular and tunable patterns on the membrane surface. The microstructures of Turing-like patterns show a wide range of roughness (Ra values from 0.7 to 5.3 μm) and hydrophobicity (water contact angle up to ∼120°). It reduces bacterial colonization through physical barriers, influencing bacterial adhesion and aggregation as well as the stacking of mature biofilms. Collectively, this work provides a design and optimization pathway of Turing-like patterns of green biomaterials for anti-biofilm surfaces applied in human health-related fields.

Sometimes the contamination in pig facilities can persist even after the washing and disinfection procedure. Some factors could influence this persistence, such as bacteria type, biofilm formation, material type and washing parameters. Therefore, this review summarizes how the type of surface can influence bacteria colonization and how the washing procedure can impact sanitary aspects, considering the different materials used in pig facilities. Studies have shown that biofilm formation on the surface of different materials is a complex system influenced by environmental conditions and the characteristics of each material’s surface and group of bacteria. These parameters, along with the washing parameters, are the main factors having an impact on the removal or persistence of biofilm in pig facilities even after the cleaning and disinfection processes. Some options are available for proper removal of biofilms, such as chemical treatments (i.e., detergent application), the use of hot water (which is indicated for some materials) and a longer washing time.

The adhesion of marine-fouling organisms to ships significantly increases the hull surface resistance and expedites hull material corrosion. This review delves into the marine biofouling mechanism on marine material surfaces, analyzing the fouling organism adhesion process on hull surfaces and common desorption methods. It highlights the crucial role played by surface energy in antifouling and drag reduction on hulls. The paper primarily concentrates on low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, such as organic silicon and organic fluorine, for ship hull antifouling and drag reduction. Furthermore, it explores the antifouling mechanisms of silicon-based and fluorine-based low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, elucidating their respective advantages and limitations in real-world applications. This review also investigates the antifouling effectiveness of bionic microstructures based on the self-cleaning abilities of natural organisms. It provides a thorough analysis of antifouling and drag reduction theories and preparation methods linked to marine organism surface microstructures, while also clarifying the relationship between microstructure surface antifouling and surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, it reviews the impact of antibacterial agents, especially antibacterial peptides, on fouling organisms' adhesion to substrate surfaces and compares the differing effects of surface structure and substances on ship surface antifouling. The paper outlines the potential applications and future directions for low-surface-energy antifouling coating technology.

<p>The attachment and proliferation of antibiotic resistant, biofilm-forming bacteria to oft- handled material surfaces has emerged as a growing concern, particularly in the biomedical, healthcare and food packaging industries. The development of both biocide-releasing and tethered, immobilized biocide surface coatings has risen to meet this demand. While these surface coatings have demonstrated excellent antimicrobial efficacy, there are few examples of antimicrobial surfaces with long-term durability and efficacy. To that end, UV-curable phosphoniums bearing benzophenone anchors were synthesized with a variety of alkyl, aryl, and fluoroalkyl functional groups at phosphorus to probe their efficacy as thermally stable antimicrobial additives in plastics or as surface coatings. The surface topology and characteristics of these materials were studied to gain insight into the mechanism of antimicrobial activity of these materials. Additionally, general design principals for tailoring phosphoniums to function as both additives during injection molding processes and as UV-curable coatings are described, and evaluation against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in both applications were carried out. Crucially, polypropylene (PP) materials containing phosphonium with a perfluoroalkyl substituent maintained the ability to kill biofilm-forming bacteria even after being subject to abrasion processes, demonstrating the potential to serve as a long-term antimicrobial material.</p>

<p>The attachment and proliferation of antibiotic resistant, biofilm-forming bacteria to oft- handled material surfaces has emerged as a growing concern, particularly in the biomedical, healthcare and food packaging industries. The development of both biocide-releasing and tethered, immobilized biocide surface coatings has risen to meet this demand. While these surface coatings have demonstrated excellent antimicrobial efficacy, there are few examples of antimicrobial surfaces with long-term durability and efficacy. To that end, UV-curable phosphoniums bearing benzophenone anchors were synthesized with a variety of alkyl, aryl, and fluoroalkyl functional groups at phosphorus to probe their efficacy as thermally stable antimicrobial additives in plastics or as surface coatings. The surface topology and characteristics of these materials were studied to gain insight into the mechanism of antimicrobial activity of these materials. Additionally, general design principals for tailoring phosphoniums to function as both additives during injection molding processes and as UV-curable coatings are described, and evaluation against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in both applications were carried out. Crucially, polypropylene (PP) materials containing phosphonium with a perfluoroalkyl substituent maintained the ability to kill biofilm-forming bacteria even after being subject to abrasion processes, demonstrating the potential to serve as a long-term antimicrobial material.</p>