Abstract
The structure of a jet in crossflow and its mixing have been studied through detailed direct simulations, and the findings were verified by experiments. Using a newly developed pseudo-spectral code, simulations have been performed both with and without sinusoidal forcing at Strouhal numbers in the range St d = f U j / d = 0.1–0.64. Based on the simulation results, which show substantial entrainment and mixing enhancements with lower frequency forcing, experiments have been performed for unforced and forced jets with jet Strouhal numbers up to St d = 0.2. The simulations and experiments indicate that forcing at the lower end of the frequency range considered in the numerical results, namely St d = 0.1–0.26, is most effective for increased mixing and entrainment. Finally, we assess the benefits of the controlled flow states using a variety of time-averaged and unsteady mixing metrics.
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