Abstract
One of the intrinsic characteristics of far-from-equilibrium systems is the nonrelaxational nature of the system dynamics, which leads to novel properties that cannot be understood and described by conventional pathways based on thermodynamic potentials. Of particular interest are the formation and evolution of ordered patterns composed of active particles that exhibit collective behavior. Here we examine such a type of nonpotential active system, focusing on effects of coupling and competition between chiral particle self-propulsion and self-spinning. It leads to the transition between three bulk dynamical regimes dominated by collective translative motion, spinning-induced structural arrest, and dynamical frustration. In addition, a persistently dynamical state of self-rotating crystallites is identified as a result of a localized-delocalized transition induced by the crystal-melt interface. The mechanism for the breaking of localized bulk states can also be utilized to achieve self-shearing or self-flow of active crystalline layers.
Highlights
Systems of self-propelled or self-spinning active particles are intrinsically out of equilibrium
One of the intrinsic characteristics of far-from-equilibrium systems is the nonrelaxational nature of the system dynamics, which leads to novel properties that cannot be understood and described by conventional pathways based on thermodynamic potentials
Operating with self-sustaining energetic sources or propulsive forces, the corresponding active dynamic processes should no longer be governed by the traditional relaxational pathways directed by the minimization principle of thermodynamic potentials as in near-equilibrium samples of passive particles
Summary
One of the intrinsic characteristics of far-from-equilibrium systems is the nonrelaxational nature of the system dynamics, which leads to novel properties that cannot be understood and described by conventional pathways based on thermodynamic potentials. Of particular interest are the formation and evolution of ordered patterns composed of active particles that exhibit collective behavior We examine such a type of nonpotential active system, focusing on effects of coupling and competition between chiral particle selfpropulsion and self-spinning. By introducing a continuum density-field description that is nonpotential and nonvariational, we show that the coupling and competition between self-propulsion and self-spinning result in a surprisingly rich behavior of nonrelaxational dynamical crystallized states. They feature both translational and rotational collective motion, governed by persistent dynamics. Two types of transition for active crystalline patterns are identified, i.e., bulk travelinglocalization and interfacial localized-delocalized transitions, each mediated by a crossover regime showing
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