Abstract
During the current transient loading process, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is prone to voltage undershoot phenomenon, which result in internal complex chemical reactions, water vapor changes, and even reaction gas starvation. In this paper, the dynamic response characteristics of hydrogen-oxygen PEMFC and the mechanism of water-gas-heat synergistic transport during current transient loading are investigated by combining experimental and simulation methods. The experimental results show that an increase in the current loading amplitude exacerbates gas starvation and membrane dehydration leading to the deterioration of the dynamic response characteristics of PEMFC during transient current loading. To compensate for the lack of experimental methods to study the PEMFC water-gas-heat synergistic transport mechanism, this paper establishes a three-dimensional PEMFC transient model. The minimum values of reactant gas concentration in the anode and cathode catalyst layers are 0.0205 kmol/m3 and 0.0220 kmol/m3 at 65 °C, 0 backpressure and variable load conditions between 800 mA/cm2 and 1400 mA/cm2, respectively, which leads to more gas starvation at the anode. While comparing the energy wastage during current loading, it can be found that smaller current loading amplitude, higher stoichiometric ratio, and higher temperature and backpressure all contribute to the reduction of energy wastage.
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