Abstract
The classical purpose of optical fibres is delivery of either optical power, as for welding, or temporal information, as for telecommunication. Maximum performance in both cases is provided by the use of single-mode optical fibres. However, transmitting spatial information, which necessitates higher-order modes, is difficult because their dispersion relation leads to dephasing and a deterioration of the intensity distribution with propagation distance. Here we consciously exploit the fundamental cause of the beam deterioration—the dispersion relation of the underlying vectorial electromagnetic modes—by their selective excitation using adaptive optics. This allows us to produce output beams of high modal purity, which are well defined in three dimensions. The output beam distribution is even robust against significant bending of the fibre. The utility of this approach is exemplified by the controlled rotational manipulation of live cells in a dual-beam fibre-optical trap integrated into a modular lab-on-chip system.
Highlights
The classical purpose of optical fibres is delivery of either optical power, as for welding, or temporal information, as for telecommunication
Because of non-trivial intermodal dispersion relations in optical fibres the dephasing between different modes leads to altered interference conditions giving rise to periodic changes of the intensity distributions even along an unperturbed fibre[1] (Fig. 1a)
A powerful future application is seen in combining this all-optical sample rotation technique with quantitative phase microscopy, enabling the determination of the 3D refractive index distributions of live cells[25,33,34], or in widefield fluorescent imaging from multiple angles with subsequent image fusion, From setup
Summary
The classical purpose of optical fibres is delivery of either optical power, as for welding, or temporal information, as for telecommunication. HE21 odd Recently, much progress has been made towards this goal by successfully applying adaptive optics methods, developed for aberration correction and scattering compensation[4,5], to the shaping of the output beam of multimode fibres[3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] and photonic crystal fibres[13] For this purpose, output responses to arbitrary sets of input fields (typically delta-peaks at the fibre entrance) have been probed experimentally, allowing for the construction of a transmission operator. The use of true multimode fibres requires the fibres to be kept static to avoid modal mixing, which limits the practical applicability
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