Abstract
Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia is characterized by a high-rate of carriage and mixed infection with other pathogens. The host immune response induced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the basis for elucidating pathogenesis and controlling disease. However, there is currently no comprehensive and dynamic data characterising the host immune response. In this study, piglets were infected with APP and differentially expressed proteins of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral serum were identified by iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS, and differentially expressed genes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by RNA-seq. The results of the integrated analysis of serum, BALF and PBMC showed significant metabolism and local immune responses in BALF, the general immune response in PBMC mainly involves cytokines, while that in serum mainly involves biosynthesis, phagosome, and complement and coagulation cascades. Furthermore, immune responses in PBMCs and serum were rapid and maintained compared to the lung where metabolism and cell adhesion activities were enriched. Some innate immunity pathways of the cellular response to ROS, neutrophil mediated immunity, granulocyte activation and leukocyte cell-cell adhesion were identified as central points, connecting multiple signaling pathways to form an integrated large network. At 24 h post-infection, 14 molecules were up regulated in BALF, 10 of which were shared with PBMC, but at 120 h, 20 down-regulated molecules were identified in BALF, 11 of them still up- regulated in PBMC. We conclude that, the immune response in the lung is different from that in blood, but there is a similarity in response in PBMC and serum.
Highlights
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative agent of contact-contagious porcine pleural pneumonia, which is a highly infectious respiratory disease that causes huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide (Gómez-Laguna et al 2014; Sassu et al 2017)
Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed molecules (DEMs) The raw transcriptome data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (PXD026983) and serum (PXD017500) had been upload to PRIDE, and the raw transcriptome data of PMBCs had been upload to GEO (GSE179183)
In this study, we carried out omics analyses of BALF, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and serum from APP infected-piglets
Summary
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative agent of contact-contagious porcine pleural pneumonia, which is a highly infectious respiratory disease that causes huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide (Gómez-Laguna et al 2014; Sassu et al 2017). APP has high morbidity and mortality rates and a reason for the high mortality rate is an excessive cytokine-mediated inflammatory response (Auger et al 2009; Skovgaard et al 2009; Tisoncik et al 2012; Reed et al 2015). The host bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is the primary response site upon APP infection, and the peripheral blood contains a large number of immune cells, which are known to be important for the clearance of pathogens (Mohammadi et al 2014). APP can induce excessive production of these inflammatory cytokines, Zhu et al AMB Express (2021) 11:175 which leads to host organ dysfunction and tissue damage (Auger et al 2009; Skovgaard et al 2009; Tisoncik et al 2012; Hsu et al 2016). These cytokines are released into the BALF along with other inflammatory immune effector proteins, which makes BALF a good site to analyze the differential expression patterns of proteins and understand the local immunopathological process of lung tissue during APP infection (Damiele et al 1985; Padrid 1991)
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