Abstract
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the European Commission for their funding of the Transnational Access to Major Research Infrastructure activity within the Improving Human Potential (IHP) Programme.
Highlights
Entrapped air is a well-known phenomenon that gives rise to problems in almost any liquid pipeline system with sloped or undulated profiles and flat profiles [1]
During the dynamic tests the air valve was located at a high point in the test section
As a result the test section was suddenly pressurised to the desired level, the water column was accelerated towards the air valve at the top and the entrapped air in the pipe was relieved through the air valve
Summary
Entrapped air is a well-known phenomenon that gives rise to problems in almost any liquid pipeline system with sloped or undulated profiles (e.g. in hilly countries) and (even) flat profiles [1]. The function of air valves in pipeline systems is twofold: 1) to suppress sub-atmospheric pressures by admitting air rapidly (to avoid cavitation and column separation e.g. after transient events, flow interruptions, draining and system shut-down), and 2) to control the line pressures by releasing air slowly (to avoid high peak pressures e.g. during filling, system start-up). With respect to this dual-action the terms: 1) vacuum breaking valves and 2) air relief valves are commonly used. The presentation of newly developed theoretical models is beyond the scope of this paper [6] and [14]
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