Dwellings of Some of the First British Colonists to the Swan River Colony, and What They Indicate About Preparing for Settlement, the Use of Local Materials, and Settlement Permanency

Results of experimental researches of durability and deformability of concrete are brought on granite macadam and limestone sand in the conditions of action of the repeatedly repetitive loading. Most building constructions, including crane beams, panels of coverage and overlapping of buildings, coverage of commuter and travelling flags, on that set different oscillation machines, are under the action of the repeatedly repetitive loading. The dynamic loading arises up at landing of airplane and his motion on the uneven surface of coverage. On commuter coverage, except the wheeled loading, powerful gas streams operate during work of aviation ramjets. Destruction of concrete flags can arise up and under the action of the repeatedly repetitive loading, the single action of that creates tension not exceeding possible. For those districts of countries that do not keep reserves of durable lithoidal materials, the use of local tenuous materials and by-products of industry is one of important measures of decline of cost of building of coverages. The use of local materials gives an opportunity of exception of expensive transportations of durable lithoidal materials. To tenuous lithoidal materials it is possible to take: soft limestones and sandstones, brick fight, products of weathering of mountain breeds.  In connection with lack of quartz sand of southern regions of Ukraine the especial urgency gets use of limestone. Reinforce-concrete constructions made from local materials, in the process of exploitation to the action repeatedly of the repeated loading that requires the estimation of their tireless durability and deformability of such concrete. Works in which influence of cyclic loads on ferro-concrete designs and made on calcareous sand - a little was investigated. The basic normative document which defines the general requirements to concrete and ferro-concrete designs does not contain recommendations on calculation of fatigue strength of the designs made of concrete on calcareous sand. Research of fatigue strength and deformability of concrete on calcareous sand provides the way to apply ferro-concrete designs which are made of local materials and influenced in service cyclic loads.

Peat is an organic material that has been widely used as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent. As many studies tend to focus on temperate peats, there is a lack of knowledge about the adsorption mechanism of tropical peats. This paper investigates the use of two Brazilian peats (Cravinhos - C and Luis Antônio - LA) from the Mogi-Guaçu river basin for the adsorption of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd), in order to contribute to the use of local and easy access materials to remediate contaminated sites. The peats adsorbed a high percentage of cations, especially Pb cations (100.0-46.3%), with commercial peat C showing higher adsorption than peat LA. The removal order was Pb2+ > Cd2+ ≥ Zn2+ for C and Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ for LA. The batch data for both peats and for all metals were better fit by the Langmuir isotherm, with adsorption capacities (qm) for Pb, Zn, and Cd of 37.3134, 29.0674 and 21.2890 mmol kg-1 in peat C and 21.7391, 14.2550 and 3.6460 mmol kg-1 in LA, respectively, values comparable to those of other peats and biosorbents. The studied peats are considered efficient, alternative and low-cost adsorptive materials for these metals. The proximity of peatlands to areas with high potential for contamination necessitates the use of local materials to reduce remediation costs.

In hotel design, there are 7 aspects of consideration, one of which is the use of cost-effective and efficient local materials, so that the design of this hotel implements the use of local materials which are chosen in the form of bamboo, where bamboo is the largest non-timber forest product in Indonesia. The research used a qualitative method of literature study. Data analysis was carried out based on the selection of the type of bamboo and the choice of space to be used by bamboo in the interior. The result of this research is the use of bamboo for the interior walls of the hotel.

Indonesia has a tropical climate characterized by high rainfall, warm temperatures, high humidity, and relatively low wind speeds. Building design must be adapted to these climate conditions to achieve efficiency and comfort, as well as to reduce the use of air conditioning systems. This study focuses on four government office buildings in Aceh Tamiang Regency: the Regent’s Office, DPRK (Regional People’s Representative Council), BPKD (Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency), and the Ministry of Religious Affairs Office. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data obtained through observation, interviews, literature review, and documentation. This study aims to examine the extent to which tropical architectural principles are applied to these buildings, including building orientation, use of natural ventilation, pitched roofs, natural lighting, local materials, and other design elements. The results show that all four buildings incorporate various aspects of tropical architecture, such as optimal building orientation for air circulation, the use of local materials, and roof designs suitable for a tropical climate. This research is expected to provide new insights into the application of tropical architecture and serve as a reference for building planning in other tropical climate regions.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the state policy implemented in the field of railway transport in Uzbekistan. It evaluates projects launched during the period of independence to develop railway infrastructure, establish constructive and mutually beneficial relations in the transport sector. The priority importance of the railway industry in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan and the implementation of strategic objectives in this area are also considered. The methodology of the work is based on local material. The use of local material implies a focus on the peculiarities of the development of railway transport in Uzbekistan during the period under study. The article analyzes the current state of the railway industry, its role in the country's economy, and traces the impact of decisions taken on the development of transport infrastructure and the strengthening of international partnerships. The methodology of the work is based on local material. The use of local material implies a focus on the peculiarities of the development of railway transport in Uzbekistan during the period under study. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the analysis of the state policy implemented in the field of railway transport in Uzbekistan. It evaluates projects launched during the period of independence to develop railway infrastructure, establish constructive and mutually beneficial relations in the transport sector. The priority importance of the railway industry in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan and the implementation of strategic objectives in this area are also considered. The methodology of the work is based on local material. The use of local material implies a focus on the peculiarities of the development of railway transport in Uzbekistan during the period under study. The article analyzes the current state of the railway industry, its role in the country's economy, and traces the impact of decisions taken on the development of transport infrastructure and the strengthening of international partnerships.

In a strong commitment to economic valorisation that began a decade and relevant contribution to the problems of housing and creation of small jobs response, the Cameroonian government has invested heavily in promoting use of local materials through the creation of MIPROMALO (Mission for Promotion of local Materials) in 1991 (economic crisis), and through the signing of government circular from the Prime Minister, thus placing its development policies in prior to any development strategy more distant prospect. It was then that housing through development of local building materials becomes one of major policy priorities of Cameroonian’s government. However, there is a low valuation thereof despite availability of local materials and political will expressed in Circular No. 002/CAB/PM of 12 March 2007 on the use of local materials in construction of public buildings. In this study, we analyse the contribution that can play promotion of local materials in construction in the Sahel zone which for a harmonious sustainable development. Specifically, it’s to highlight the added value of using local materials, propose strategies for implementation and production of compressed bricks. This scientific work has therefore a double interest, scientific and technological industrial view and contributes to the development, promotion of local materials and the development of soil and/or basement areas. We arrived after analysis of our data to the conclusion that valuation of clay materials from Maroua’s town was a factor for economic growth and sustainable development. This inventory allows us to implement and produce prototypes suitable compressed bricks, shapes of housing in Sahel zone. However, physical and geotechnical tests on materials clay (raw materials for production of bricks), allow us to better assess characteristics of clay before production of bricks. Well after we submit our bricks to various mechanical and technological tests to assess their ability to withstand loads in extreme temperature conditions of Sahel zone.

Local wisdom is the capital of the formation of noble characters who live in society, grow and develop continuously in public awareness. Local wisdom can be in the form of local knowledge, local skills, local intelligence, local resources, local social processes, local norms and ethics and local customs. Likewise in the field of architecture, local wisdom is an architectural design that adapts to the local climate, using local techniques and materials that are influenced by social, cultural and economic aspects of the local community. In this case, the selected location where the concept of local wisdom will be implemented is in Sidem Village, Gondang District. The purpose of this community service is to empower the community in the use of local materials for the development of Ecotourism based on Local Wisdom in Sidem Village, Gondang Tulungagung District. The implementation techniques used to implement these local local materials are as follows: 1) Preparation Phase. This stage includes team preparation, site survey, interviews with local communities, identification of problems and potentials, analysis of problems and potentials. 2) Implementation Phase. This stage includes the preparation of the draft design, implementation. 3) Evaluation and Reporting Stage. This stage includes evaluation of activities, preparation of activity reports. The result of this service is the implementation of community empowerment socialization by bringing up design concepts, because the community plays an important role in the development of ecotourism in Sidem Village.
 Keywords - ecotourism, local materials, local wisdom, stakeholders, Tulungagung

The possibility of using local materials in the construction of structural layers of pavement is considered in the paper. The paper presents a method of technical and economic analysis, for which it is necessary to know the calculated deformation moduli of the materials being compared. Knowing the turnaround time for each of the options under consideration, it is possible, by comparing them with the payback periods, to more fully identify the technical and economic features of such options. The main criterion for the admissibility of the use of local material in the corresponding structural layer is the equal strength of pavement structures or individual structural layers made of local and imported materials. The criterion of economic feasibility of using local material can be written as an inequality. Using the principle of equivalence of systems, it is possible to replace individual structural layers of pavement, made of certain materials, with equivalent layers of stiffness from other materials, increasing or decreasing their thickness, depending on the strength characteristics of the materials themselves. The main condition for the technical feasibility of using local material has been determined on the basis of the condition of equal strength structures made from local and imported materials. A schedule for preliminary determination of the technical and economic feasibility of using local materials in the structural layers of road pavements has been built. The total value of the investment costs can be used as an additional criterion for the economic benefits of the compared options.

Green roofs are a fundamental technology in the transformation of urban centers into more sustainable environments, with a positive impact on buildings, cities, and their inhabitants. Yet, green roof technology may require the use of materials with a high environmental impact, namely, when associated with large transport distances. The present work arises from the need to find an environmental solution to use in an eco-school on one of the Azores islands. It tests green roofs on a wooden structure using local and sustainable materials. Prototypes were built to monitor their performance and to complement the theoretical information investigated regarding the construction systems of green roofs with alternative materials. The installation of the prototypes was accompanied by the school community, and the performance was monitored. The pumice stone proved to be an efficient solution for the drainage layer of the green roof. The use of local soil (volcanic origin) instead of a commercial substrate proved to work properly, both for drainage and for vegetation growth. Finally, the results also contribute to a better understanding of green roofs on wooden structures and encourage the use of local materials in future projects, with a view towards a circular economy.

One of those who helped to cause Archbishop John Bede Polding's reputation at the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide to falter in the later 1840s was the first Bishop of Perth, John Brady. In response to an urgent appeal from the small, priestless Catholic community in the Swan River Colony, founded in 1829, Polding sent Brady, one of his priests, as his Vicar General in the western part of Australia in 1843. For his arduous journey to Perth and effective action to end the schism Polding earned effusive praise from Cardinal Fransoni. It is noteworthy that the one who did what Rome was unable to do, cut the Gordian knot of the strife in the Swan River Colony, achieved this feat against the background of a recent decline in his personal Roman standing on account of his management of problems in his own diocese.Keywords:Catholic community; John Bede Polding; Propaganda Fide; Sacred Congregation; Swan River Colony

This paper aims to describe a passive approach to reduce the energy demand for an existing building and can be made through an improvement of the design of the thermal envelope. The essential article goal is to simulate thermal construction responses in dependence on changing different materials of the construction of the building and also with less energy usage to design a more effective cooling system. In this approach, we simulate the building with different materials: three local materials (compressed earth, lateritic, and raw material) and one modern (Hollow cement) used in Burkina Faso and an energy analysis of the building has been carried out. The numerical optimization of the building design has been performed dynamically for these four materials using the COMSOL multiphysics simulation tool. The model treated is determining the internal temperature and cooling demand concerning a tertiary building in Burkina Faso like a classroom, which is located in a hot and dry climate to improve the indoor quality of the classroom knowing the importance of the thermal comfort in the room for socio-economic performance efficiency and well-being. The analysis result of these four materials shows that energy can be saved if we use local materials instead of the modern one because around 4KW of energy can be saving with local materials. The use of local materials in the building design can be an option for reducing the heat transfer into the room and at the same time the energy consumption.

The purpose of this study was to analyze creative thinking skills in the use of local materials as reagents in qualitative biochemical practices. The use of local material reagents can improve students’ creative thinking skills. This research method is quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test group design. The research instrument consisted of pre-test and post-test questions using tests of creative thinking skills in the form of descriptions and student questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program and the percentage of student responses to the practicum was carried out. The results showed that the average claim score of the experimental group was 59.95 and the post-test score was 80.00 with N_Gain 0.50 in the moderate category. In the control group the average pretest score was 38.70 and the posttest score was 44.80 with the lowest category N_Gain 0.09. Further analysis was carried out on each indicator of creative thinking skills which reached 23.16% fluency, 40.28% flexibility, 17.50% originality and 19.06% elaboration. It can be concluded that the use of local materials as reagents in the project-based qualitative biochemical analysis laboratory can improve students’ creative thinking skills, especially in terms of originality and elaboration.

This research focused on analyzing the thermal comfort of a house built with local materials, such as stone and adobe brick. This study stands out for its inclusion of the social and cultural aspect, which considers the materials used in the architectural traditions of the inhabitants of arid regions, as opposed to the typical hollow concrete block habitats. We use TRANSYS software to carry out habitat simulations. They then analyze and interpret the thermal responses of their covers. This simulation involves comparing several traditional local materials available in the region. The results indicate that the use of local materials adapted to the regional climate is at the origin of the home's thermal comfort, providing a solution adapted to climatic constraints. The research indicates that stone and adobe edifices possess superior thermal inertia, efficiently moderating internal temperatures in contrast to concrete structures. By exploiting the thermal mass qualities of these local materials, dwellings can attain a more constant indoor environment throughout the day, minimizing the reliance on mechanical cooling systems and consequently reducing energy consumption.

In Nigeria, drilling companies import a bulk of drilling fluid materials that they use to carry out their respective operations. This has been a major concern to oil and gas industries since these drilling fluid materials cannot be recycled, are highly expensive in terms of foreign exchange, are not environmentally friendly, not very effective, and non-biodegradable. This work presents an experimental investigation into the reliability of the use of local materials as a substitute to conventional viscosifiers. Local materials used in the analysis are mucuna solannie (Ukpo), brachystegia eurycoma (Achi), and detarium microcarpium (Ofo). The results obtained from the experimental analysis show that they compared closely to the standard viscosifer formulated with Pac-R. The results showed that the density, specific gravity, pH, yield stress, gel strength, plastic viscosity, and yield point of mud formulated from local materials compared favorably with that of the imported viscosifier. An increase in concentration of the local sample also favoured its potential to replace the Pac-R. In terms of cost, cutting carrying ability, and positive environmental impacts, the local materials could serve the Nigerian drilling company better.

Abstract. Vernacular architecture, often defined as a traditional building approach that uses local materials and techniques, intimately reflects the available resources, climate, and cultural practices of a specific region. This form of architecture, developed over centuries, illustrates a deep respect for the environment and an intuitive understanding of local conditions. The use of local materials presents numerous advantages. Firstly, these materials are generally accessible in situ, thus reducing construction and transportation costs. Indeed, they are often better adapted to local climatic conditions, offering thermal and structural properties that contribute to the durability and energy efficiency of buildings. In arid regions, the use of raw earth and adobe bricks helps maintain cool interior temperatures due to their thermal regulation capacity. Vernacular construction techniques, such as earth, wattle daub, and dry stone, also reflect a deep knowledge of material properties and the best methods for using them. These techniques, passed down from generation to generation, often incorporate ingenious solutions to maximize the durability and comfort of dwellings. Integrating local materials and construction techniques into modern architecture can offer sustainable and culturally relevant solutions to contemporary construction challenges. By revisiting these traditional practices, it is possible to design buildings that are not only ecologically responsible but also deeply rooted in their cultural and environmental context. This study aims to examine the importance of using local materials and traditional construction techniques in vernacular architecture, highlighting concrete examples and the advantages they offer in terms of sustainability, energy efficiency, and preservation of cultural heritage.