Abstract
In order to better understand the processes of removing atmospheric particles to the surface, dry particle deposition in Monastir region (eastern Tunisia) has been studied. As a first step, a biweekly monitoring of the particulate deposits was carried out in 26 sites from January to August, 2012. Secondly, two particular sites were investigated from October, 2014 to August, 2015. A very high fluctuation in those particle fluxes, ranging from 0.560 to 2.210 g/m2/14days, was clearly observed. The spatial distribution of particulate deposits shows a growing trend from rural to urban (coastal) areas depending on nearby sources (brickyards and clay quarries, road traffic and sebkhas) and meteorological factors (including precipitation and wind speed). The combined geochemical-statistical study of the particulate deposits elementary fluxes (Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca++, Fe(2,3)+, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cu) at the two observed rural and urban sites show a non-negligible impact of the anthropogenic component attributed to metals (Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cu). It is linked to the simultaneous effect of the urban (mainly road) activities in the Eastern part of the region and the intense fluidity of the motorway and railway in its Western part. The importance of the chlorine contributions of the terrigenous circulation has been attributed to the effect of sebkhas. The phenomenon of dust resuspension in agricultural areas, clay storage near brickyards and unbuilt sites has also been highlighted. The lowest biweekly elementary fluxes are probably due to the effect of rainfall periods which causes atmospheric whash-out.
Highlights
IntroductionAtmospheric particles are complex mixtures of contributions from natural emission (marine, terrigenous) and anthropogenic sources
Atmospheric particles are complex mixtures of contributions from natural emission and anthropogenic sources
In order to better understand the processes of removing atmospheric particles to the surface, dry particle deposition in Monastir region has been studied
Summary
Atmospheric particles are complex mixtures of contributions from natural emission (marine, terrigenous) and anthropogenic sources The terrigenous source brings about crustal elements from soil erosion (Kubilay & Saydam, 1995; Guerzoni et al, 1999), which mainly involve metal oxides (Fe2O3), aluminosilicates (SiO2, Al2O3) Clays, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl) Their presence in the atmosphere depends on their chemical form, the soil nature and the wind strength. The particles derived from the gas/particles conversion process which represent most of the anthropogenic aerosols (Geraldine, Maul, Ferard, Carrot, & Ayrault, 2004; Borghezi, Vione, Maurino, & Minero, 2005; Azri, Chaabane, Abida, & Medhioub, 2010) They are generally formed by metals, sulfur and nitrogen.
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