Abstract
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a viral infection that results in heavy yield losses in maize worldwide, particularly in the summer maize-growing regions of China. MRDD is caused by the Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). In the present study, analyses of microRNAs (miRNAs), the degradome, and transcriptome sequences were used to elucidate the RBSDV-responsive pathway(s) in maize. Genomic analysis indicated that the expression of three non-conserved and 28 conserved miRNAs, representing 17 known miRNA families and 14 novel miRNAs, were significantly altered in response to RBSDV when maize was inoculated at the V3 (third leaf) stage. A total of 99 target transcripts from 48 genes of 10 known miRNAs were found to be responsive to RBSDV infection. The annotations of these target genes include a SQUAMOSA promoter binding (SPB) protein, a P450 reductase, an oxidoreductase, and a ubiquitin-related gene, among others. Characterization of the entire transcriptome suggested that a total of 28 and 1085 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at 1.5 and 3.0 d, respectively, after artificial inoculation with RBSDV. The expression patterns of cell wall- and chloroplast-related genes, and disease resistance- and stress-related genes changed significantly in response to RBSDV infection. The negatively regulated genes GRMZM2G069316 and GRMZM2G031169, which are the target genes for miR169i-p5 and miR8155, were identified as a nucleolin and a NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein in maize, respectively. The gene ontology term GO:0003824, including GRMZM2G031169 and other 51 DEGs, was designated as responsive to RBSDV.
Highlights
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a viral disease of maize that occurs worldwide, but can be severe in the maize-growing regions of China (Meng et al, 2008; Su et al, 2008; Zhang, 2010)
4594 | Zhou et al In China, MRDD is thought to be caused by Rice blackstreaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), which is transmitted in a persistent manner by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) (Zhang et al, 2001)
The inoculation status of plants with Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using RBSDV-S2 probe primers at 1.5, 3, 6, and 20 d after inoculation (DAI)
Summary
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a viral disease of maize that occurs worldwide, but can be severe in the maize-growing regions of China (Meng et al, 2008; Su et al, 2008; Zhang, 2010). 4594 | Zhou et al. In China, MRDD is thought to be caused by Rice blackstreaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), which is transmitted in a persistent manner by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) (Zhang et al, 2001). P7-2 (encoded by the second ORF of S7) might be a viral F-box protein that is referred to the ubiquitination pathway during the interaction with plant SKP1 (a core subunit of SCF ubiquitin ligase) (Wang et al, 2013)
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